King James Version
Luke 2
52 verses with commentary
The Birth of Jesus Christ
And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. taxed: or, enrolled
View commentary
( And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)
View commentary
And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.
View commentary
God's sovereignty uses pagan empire bureaucracy to accomplish prophetic precision—Caesar Augustus's decree becomes the instrument of divine providence. The massive population movement demonstrated Rome's absolute authority while simultaneously positioning Mary and Joseph exactly where Scripture required for the birth of David's greater Son.
And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)
View commentary
To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.
View commentary
And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered.
View commentary
And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.
View commentary
The Shepherds and the Angels
And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. watch: or, the night watches
View commentary
And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid .
View commentary
And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
View commentary
The phrase "great joy" (charan megalēn, χαρὰν μεγάλην) emphasizes the magnitude and intensity of the joy this news produces. This is not minor happiness but overwhelming, transformative delight. The angel specifies this joy "shall be to all people" (estai panti tō laō, ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ)—the Greek laos (λαός) can mean both the Jewish people specifically and humanity generally. Luke's Gospel consistently emphasizes the universal scope of salvation, and this announcement establishes that theme from Christ's birth. The Messiah comes not merely for Israel but for all nations, fulfilling God's promise to Abraham that through his seed all families of the earth would be blessed (Genesis 12:3).
Theologically, this verse proclaims several foundational truths: (1) God initiates salvation—He sends the angel with the announcement; (2) salvation is good news, not burdensome law or impossible demands; (3) the gospel produces joy, not fear, guilt, or shame; (4) this joy is comprehensive ("great") and universal ("to all people"). The context is crucial—God announces the birth of the world's Savior not to priests in the temple, not to scholars studying Scripture, but to working-class shepherds in a field. This choice demonstrates that the gospel comes to the humble, the marginalized, and those who would not expect divine favor.
For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.
View commentary
The phrase "this day" (sēmeron, σήμερον) emphasizes the present reality and urgency of the announcement. "In the city of David" identifies Bethlehem and connects Jesus directly to the Davidic covenant (2 Samuel 7:12-16), establishing His legal right to David's throne. The three titles given to the newborn reveal His comprehensive identity and work: "Saviour" (Sōtēr, Σωτήρ) identifies His mission to deliver humanity from sin; "Christ" (Christos, Χριστός), the Greek equivalent of Hebrew "Messiah," means "Anointed One," establishing Him as the long-awaited fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy; "Lord" (Kyrios, Κύριος) is the Septuagint translation of Yahweh, the covenant name of God, indicating divine identity.
The combination of these three titles is extraordinary. "Saviour" emphasizes His work; "Christ" emphasizes His office; "Lord" emphasizes His nature. Together they proclaim that the baby born in Bethlehem is simultaneously the promised Davidic King, the Deliverer who saves His people from their sins, and God Himself incarnate. This is the gospel in miniature: God becomes man to save sinners and reign forever. The angel's use of "Lord" is particularly significant—in Greek, Kyrios was used to translate the divine name Yahweh in the Septuagint, making this a clear claim to Jesus' deity.
And this shall be a sign unto you; Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.
View commentary
And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying,
View commentary
Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.
View commentary
The second phrase, "on earth peace, good will toward men" has textual variations in Greek manuscripts. The more widely attested reading is epi gēs eirēnē en anthrōpois eudokias (ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας), which translates as "on earth peace among men of good will" or "peace to men on whom His favor rests." This reading emphasizes that the peace Christ brings is for those who receive God's favor through faith, not universally automatic. The word eirēnē (εἰρήνη, "peace") corresponds to Hebrew shalom (שָׁלוֹם), meaning not merely absence of conflict but wholeness, harmony, and right relationship with God and others.
Theologically, this doxology establishes the dual result of Christ's incarnation: vertical reconciliation (glory to God) and horizontal reconciliation (peace among humanity). The Incarnation simultaneously exalts God and brings peace to humanity—these are not separate goals but unified outcomes of Christ's saving work. The peace proclaimed here is not the Pax Romana achieved through military might, but Pax Christi accomplished through sacrificial love. This peace will be fully explained throughout Jesus' ministry and ultimately secured through His death and resurrection, which reconcile believers to God (Romans 5:1, Colossians 1:20).
And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing which is come to pass, which the Lord hath made known unto us. the shepherds: Gr. the men the shepherds
View commentary
And they came with haste, and found Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger.
View commentary
And when they had seen it, they made known abroad the saying which was told them concerning this child.
View commentary
And all they that heard it wondered at those things which were told them by the shepherds.
View commentary
But Mary kept all these things , and pondered them in her heart.
View commentary
And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things that they had heard and seen, as it was told unto them.
View commentary
Jesus Presented at the Temple
And when eight days were accomplished for the circumcising of the child, his name was called JESUS, which was so named of the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
View commentary
And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;
View commentary
(As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord;)
View commentary
And to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.
View commentary
Simeon's Prophecy
And, behold, there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel: and the Holy Ghost was upon him.
View commentary
And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death, before he had seen the Lord's Christ.
View commentary
And he came by the Spirit into the temple: and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him after the custom of the law,
View commentary
To do for him after the custom of the law (τοῦ ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸ εἰθισμένον τοῦ νόμου, tou poiēsai kata to eithismenon tou nomou)—Mary and Joseph's obedience to Leviticus 12:2-8 for purification and firstborn consecration (Exodus 13:2) demonstrates Jesus born 'under the law' (Galatians 4:4). The Lawgiver Himself submits to the law's requirements, identifying fully with His people's obligations.
Then took he him up in his arms, and blessed God, and said,
View commentary
And blessed God (εὐλόγησεν τὸν θεόν, eulogēsen ton theon)—Simeon's immediate response is doxology. Having received God's greatest gift, he returns praise. The moment fulfills decades of Spirit-sustained expectation, as the aged prophet cradles the infant King who would cradle him into eternal rest. This tender scene captures the intimacy between faith's patience and promise's fulfillment.
Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:
View commentary
For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,
View commentary
Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;
View commentary
God's salvation plan, conceived in eternity past (Ephesians 1:4), now manifests in tangible human flesh before all peoples. Simeon's words echo Isaiah 52:10 ('all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God'), recognizing that this Jewish infant carries universal significance. The temple scene becomes a cosmic unveiling—heaven's secret purposes made flesh for the world's witness.
A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.
View commentary
And the glory of thy people Israel (καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ, kai doxan laou sou Israēl)—The Greek doxa signifies God's manifest presence. Jesus simultaneously illuminates gentiles and glorifies Israel, fulfilling the Abrahamic promise that through Abraham's seed all nations would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). Simeon grasps what Paul would later articulate: Messiah came 'to confirm the promises made to the patriarchs so that the Gentiles might glorify God' (Romans 15:8-9).
And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.
View commentary
Luke's reference to 'his father' uses social convention, not biological reality—Joseph functioned as Jesus's legal father though not genetic progenitor. Their continued amazement shows that divine revelation unfolds progressively; even those closest to Jesus continually discovered deeper dimensions of His identity. Faith doesn't eliminate wonder but intensifies it as God's purposes gradually reveal themselves.
And Simeon blessed them, and said unto Mary his mother, Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising again of many in Israel; and for a sign which shall be spoken against;
View commentary
(Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.
View commentary
Anna the Prophetess
And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age , and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;
View commentary
The daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher—Luke's genealogical precision establishes authenticity. Asher, one of the northern tribes largely lost after Assyrian exile (722 BC), demonstrates God's preservation of remnant from all twelve tribes, contradicting the 'ten lost tribes' myth. She was of a great age, and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity—Brief marriage, likely in her teens, followed by decades-long widowhood, positions Anna as model of covenant faithfulness through life's sorrows.
And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.
View commentary
Which departed not from the temple (οὐκ ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ, ouk aphistato tou hierou)—The imperfect tense indicates continuous, habitual action: she never left. But served God with fastings and prayers night and day (νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν λατρεύουσα νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν, nēsteiais kai deēsesin latreuousa nykta kai hēmeran)—The verb latreuō means 'worship' or 'serve,' particularly in religious ritual. Her life became perpetual liturgy, fasting and intercession without ceasing (1 Thessalonians 5:17), anticipating reward for those who 'hunger and thirst after righteousness' (Matthew 5:6).
And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem. Jerusalem: or, Israel
View commentary
And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.
View commentary
And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.
View commentary
The Boy Jesus in the Temple
Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.
View commentary
And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.
View commentary
And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.
View commentary
But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day's journey; and they sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.
View commentary
And when they found him not, they turned back again to Jerusalem, seeking him.
View commentary
And it came to pass, that after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the doctors, both hearing them, and asking them questions.
View commentary
And all that heard him were astonished at his understanding and answers.
View commentary
And when they saw him, they were amazed: and his mother said unto him, Son, why hast thou thus dealt with us? behold, thy father and I have sought thee sorrowing.
View commentary
And he said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?
View commentary
And they understood not the saying which he spake unto them.
View commentary
And he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject unto them: but his mother kept all these sayings in her heart.
View commentary
And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and man. stature: or, age