King James Version

What Does Luke 2:3 Mean?

Luke 2:3 in the King James Version says “And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. — study this verse from Luke chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.

Luke 2:3 · KJV


Context

1

And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. taxed: or, enrolled

2

( And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria.)

3

And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.

4

And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:)

5

To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
All went to be taxed, every one into his own city (ἐπορεύοντο πάντες ἀπογράφεσθαι, ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν, eporeuonto pantes apographesthai, hekastos eis tēn heautou polin)—The Greek apographesthai means 'to be registered' or 'enrolled,' indicating a census for taxation purposes. Roman administrative efficiency required travel to ancestral cities, unwittingly fulfilling Micah 5:2's prophecy that Messiah would be born in Bethlehem.

God's sovereignty uses pagan empire bureaucracy to accomplish prophetic precision—Caesar Augustus's decree becomes the instrument of divine providence. The massive population movement demonstrated Rome's absolute authority while simultaneously positioning Mary and Joseph exactly where Scripture required for the birth of David's greater Son.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Augustus's empire-wide census (8-6 BC) aimed to assess taxable resources. The Jewish custom of registering by tribal ancestry rather than current residence explains Joseph's Bethlehem journey. Roman census records from Egypt confirm similar registration practices requiring travel to family origins.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's use of Caesar's decree demonstrate His sovereignty over earthly powers to fulfill His purposes?
  2. What does this census reveal about God's attention to prophetic detail in orchestrating Christ's birth location?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
καὶ1 of 9

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπορεύοντο2 of 9

went

G4198

to traverse, i.e., travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively, die), live, etc.)

πάντες3 of 9

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ἀπογράφεσθαι4 of 9

to be taxed

G583

to write off (a copy or list), i.e., enrol

ἕκαστος5 of 9

every one

G1538

each or every

εἰς6 of 9

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὴν7 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἰδίαν8 of 9

his own

G2398

pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate

πόλιν9 of 9

city

G4172

a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 2:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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