King James Version

What Does Luke 2:40 Mean?

Luke 2:40 in the King James Version says “And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him. — study this verse from Luke chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.

Luke 2:40 · KJV


Context

38

And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem. Jerusalem: or, Israel

39

And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.

40

And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him.

41

Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.

42

And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem after the custom of the feast.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Luke summarizes Jesus' childhood: 'And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him' (τὸ δὲ παιδίον ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐκραταιοῦτο πληρούμενον σοφίᾳ, καὶ χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπ᾽ αὐτό). The verbs 'auxanō' (ηὔξανεν, grew) and 'krataioō' (ἐκραταιοῦτο, waxed strong) describe normal human development—Jesus experienced genuine childhood, not docetic appearance. The present passive participle 'plēroumenon sophia' (πληρούμενον σοφίᾳ, being filled with wisdom) indicates progressive development, while 'charis theou' (χάρις θεοῦ, grace of God) rested upon Him. This demonstrates the hypostatic union—Jesus' full humanity developed normally while His divine nature remained fully present. He learned as humans learn, yet without sin.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jesus' childhood in Nazareth was unremarkable by outward appearance—He learned carpentry from Joseph (Mark 6:3), studied Torah, participated in synagogue life. The absence of miracle accounts from these years (apocryphal gospels notwithstanding) emphasizes normal development. His humanity was not diminished by deity; rather, deity expressed itself through authentic human experience including growth in wisdom (Luke 2:52). This 18-year 'hidden life' prepared Him for public ministry.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Jesus' normal human development teach about the full reality of the incarnation?
  2. How should Christ's example of steady growth in wisdom encourage our own spiritual formation?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
Τὸ1 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 15

And

G1161

but, and, etc

παιδίον3 of 15

the child

G3813

a childling (of either sex), i.e., (properly), an infant, or (by extension) a half-grown boy or girl; figuratively, an immature christian

ηὔξανεν4 of 15

grew

G837

to grow ("wax"), i.e., enlarge (literal or figurative, active or passive)

καὶ5 of 15

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐκραταιοῦτο6 of 15

waxed strong

G2901

to empower, i.e., (passively) increase in vigor

πνεύματι,7 of 15

in spirit

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

πληρούμενον8 of 15

filled

G4137

to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute

σοφίας·9 of 15

with wisdom

G4678

wisdom (higher or lower, worldly or spiritual)

καὶ10 of 15

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

χάρις11 of 15

the grace

G5485

graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart

θεοῦ12 of 15

of God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

ἦν13 of 15

was

G2258

i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)

ἐπ'14 of 15

upon

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

αὐτό15 of 15

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 2:40 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 2:40 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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