King James Version

What Does Luke 2:31 Mean?

Luke 2:31 in the King James Version says “Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people; — study this verse from Luke chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;

Luke 2:31 · KJV


Context

29

Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word:

30

For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,

31

Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;

32

A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.

33

And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people (ὃ ἡτοίμασας κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν, ho hētoimasas kata prosōpon pantōn tōn laōn)—The phrase kata prosōpon literally means 'according to the face of' or 'in the presence of,' suggesting public, visible display. The Greek laōn (peoples, plural) signals gentile inclusion, not Israel alone.

God's salvation plan, conceived in eternity past (Ephesians 1:4), now manifests in tangible human flesh before all peoples. Simeon's words echo Isaiah 52:10 ('all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God'), recognizing that this Jewish infant carries universal significance. The temple scene becomes a cosmic unveiling—heaven's secret purposes made flesh for the world's witness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Isaiah's Servant Songs (especially Isaiah 42:6, 49:6) prophesied Messiah as a light to the gentiles. First-century Jewish expectation largely missed this universal dimension, anticipating instead a nationalistic deliverer. Simeon's Spirit-inspired insight grasped what most missed—salvation transcending ethnic boundaries.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's 'preparation' of salvation throughout history demonstrate His sovereignty and faithfulness?
  2. What does the universal scope of 'all peoples' reveal about the gospel's obligation to every culture and nation?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 7 words
1 of 7

Which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἡτοίμασας2 of 7

thou hast prepared

G2090

to prepare

κατὰ3 of 7

before

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

πρόσωπον4 of 7

the face

G4383

the front (as being towards view), i.e., the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person

πάντων5 of 7

of all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

τῶν6 of 7
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λαῶν7 of 7

people

G2992

a people (in general; thus differing from g1218, which denotes one's own populace)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 2:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 2:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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