King James Version

What Does Luke 2:9 Mean?

Luke 2:9 in the King James Version says “And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afra... — study this verse from Luke chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid .

Luke 2:9 · KJV


Context

7

And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.

8

And there were in the same country shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. watch: or, the night watches

9

And, lo, the angel of the Lord came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round about them: and they were sore afraid .

10

And the angel said unto them, Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.

11

For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The 'glory of the Lord shone round about them' as the angel appeared, and 'they were sore afraid.' The 'glory of the Lord' (Greek 'doxa kyriou,' δόξα κυρίου) refers to God's manifest presence—the Shekinah glory that filled the tabernacle (Exodus 40:34) and temple (1 Kings 8:11). This theophany demonstrates that Christ's birth is a divine invasion of earth, God breaking into human history. The shepherds' fear is appropriate—sinful humans rightly fear encountering holy God. Yet the angel immediately addresses their fear with good news, showing that this divine invasion brings salvation, not judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The glory of the Lord had departed from Israel's temple before Babylonian destruction (Ezekiel 10-11) and had not returned despite the second temple's construction. Jewish hope yearned for glory's return, signaling God's renewed presence with His people. The angelic glory appearing to shepherds in fields rather than to priests in the temple radically subverts expectations—God's glory returns to Israel outside religious institutions, revealed to humble working people. This pattern continues in Jesus' ministry—divine presence manifests among common people rather than religious elites.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the appearance of God's glory at Christ's birth fulfill hopes for divine presence returning to Israel?
  2. What does the glory appearing to shepherds rather than priests teach about where God chooses to manifest His presence?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
καὶ1 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἰδού,2 of 15

lo

G2400

used as imperative lo!

ἄγγελος3 of 15

the angel

G32

compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor

κυρίου4 of 15

of the Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

ἐπέστη5 of 15

came upon

G2186

to stand upon, i.e., be present (in various applications, friendly or otherwise, usually literal)

αὐτούς6 of 15

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ7 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

δόξα8 of 15

the glory

G1391

glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective)

κυρίου9 of 15

of the Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

περιέλαμψεν10 of 15

shone round about

G4034

to illuminate all around, i.e., invest with a halo

αὐτούς11 of 15

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ12 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐφοβήθησαν13 of 15

afraid

G5399

to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere

φόβον14 of 15
G5401

alarm or fright

μέγαν15 of 15

they were sore

G3173

big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 2:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 2:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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