King James Version

What Does Luke 2:37 Mean?

Luke 2:37 in the King James Version says “And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings ... — study this verse from Luke chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

Luke 2:37 · KJV


Context

35

(Yea, a sword shall pierce through thy own soul also,) that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.

36

And there was one Anna, a prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Aser: she was of a great age , and had lived with an husband seven years from her virginity;

37

And she was a widow of about fourscore and four years, which departed not from the temple, but served God with fastings and prayers night and day.

38

And she coming in that instant gave thanks likewise unto the Lord, and spake of him to all them that looked for redemption in Jerusalem. Jerusalem: or, Israel

39

And when they had performed all things according to the law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A widow of about fourscore and four years (χήρα ἕως ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων, chēra heōs etōn ogdoēkonta tessarōn)—Likely 84 years of widowhood (not total age), making Anna over 100. The Greek construction suggests prolonged state: 84 years of faithfulness despite loss.

Which departed not from the temple (οὐκ ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ, ouk aphistato tou hierou)—The imperfect tense indicates continuous, habitual action: she never left. But served God with fastings and prayers night and day (νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν λατρεύουσα νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν, nēsteiais kai deēsesin latreuousa nykta kai hēmeran)—The verb latreuō means 'worship' or 'serve,' particularly in religious ritual. Her life became perpetual liturgy, fasting and intercession without ceasing (1 Thessalonians 5:17), anticipating reward for those who 'hunger and thirst after righteousness' (Matthew 5:6).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Temple worship included morning and evening sacrifices with accompanying prayers (Exodus 29:38-42). Devout worshippers often attended both, but Anna's presence extended beyond scheduled services to virtually continuous intercession. Her lifestyle paralleled later Christian monastic traditions of perpetual prayer.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Anna's 84 years of temple devotion challenge contemporary views of retirement or decreased spiritual service in old age?
  2. What does her practice of 'fastings and prayers night and day' teach about prioritizing intimacy with God over physical comfort?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 20 words
καὶ1 of 20

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

αὐτὴ2 of 20
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

χήρα3 of 20

was a widow

G5503

a widow (as lacking a husband), literally or figuratively

ὡς4 of 20

of about

G5613

which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

ἐτῶν5 of 20

years

G2094

a year

ὀγδοήκοντα6 of 20

fourscore

G3589

ten times eight

τεσσάρων,7 of 20

and four

G5064

four

8 of 20

which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

οὐκ9 of 20

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἀφίστατο10 of 20

departed

G868

to remove, i.e., (actively) instigate to revolt; usually (reflexively) to desist, desert, etc

ἀπὸ11 of 20

from

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

τοῦ12 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἱεροῦ13 of 20

the temple

G2411

a sacred place, i.e., the entire precincts (whereas g3485 denotes the central sanctuary itself) of the temple (at jerusalem or elsewhere)

νηστείαις14 of 20

God with fastings

G3521

abstinence (from lack of food, or voluntary and religious); specially, the fast of the day of atonement

καὶ15 of 20

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

δεήσεσιν16 of 20

prayers

G1162

a petition

λατρεύουσα17 of 20

but served

G3000

to minister (to god), i.e., render religious homage

νύκτα18 of 20

night

G3571

"night" (literally or figuratively)

καὶ19 of 20

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἡμέραν20 of 20

day

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 2:37 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 2:37 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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