About Acts

Acts records the birth and growth of the church through the power of the Holy Spirit from Jerusalem to Rome.

Author: LukeWritten: c. AD 62-64Reading time: ~6 minVerses: 48
Holy SpiritWitnessChurch GrowthMissionPersecutionUnity

King James Version

Acts 10

48 verses with commentary

Cornelius Sends for Peter

There was a certain man in Caesarea called Cornelius, a centurion of the band called the Italian band,

View commentary
Cornelius, a Roman centurion of 'the Italian band,' represents the first clearly documented Gentile conversion. His military rank indicated significant responsibility - centurions commanded approximately 80 soldiers. The 'Italian band' suggests soldiers from Italy itself, a prestigious cohort.

A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway.

View commentary
Cornelius was 'devout' and 'feared God with all his house' - a God-fearer, attracted to Judaism without full conversion. His 'alms to the people' and continual prayer showed genuine piety. Yet this moral excellence couldn't save him apart from Christ (Acts 11:14).

He saw in a vision evidently about the ninth hour of the day an angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius.

View commentary
The angel appearing at 'the ninth hour' (3 PM) during prayer indicates God responds to seeking hearts. 'Cornelius' - the angel called him by name, showing personal divine knowledge. God's particular attention to this Gentile signaled the coming expansion of salvation's scope.

And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God.

View commentary
Cornelius's fear and question - 'What is it, Lord?' - showed reverent openness. The angel's response - 'Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God' - indicates God noted his devotion. Yet devotion required completion through the gospel message.

And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname is Peter:

View commentary
The angel commanded sending for 'Simon, whose surname is Peter' - the gospel requires human messengers, not angelic preachers. Peter's location in Joppa 'with one Simon a tanner' indicated growing openness to ceremonially unclean associations. God prepared both evangelist and hearer.

He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do.

View commentary
Peter would 'tell thee what thou oughtest to do' - salvation required specific instruction, not intuitive discovery. Though Cornelius was pious, he needed to hear the gospel message. Authentic religious experience requires revealed truth.

And when the angel which spake unto Cornelius was departed, he called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually;

View commentary
Cornelius 'called two of his household servants, and a devout soldier' - immediately obeying the vision. His household's shared devotion indicated family religion. The 'devout soldier' suggests Cornelius influenced those under his command spiritually.

And when he had declared all these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa.

View commentary
Cornelius 'declared all these things unto them' - sharing the vision openly. He 'sent them to Joppa' - faith acted on the angel's command. Cornelius's transparency and obedience positioned him for breakthrough.

On the morrow, as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour:

View commentary
Peter went 'upon the housetop to pray about the sixth hour' (noon). Rooftop prayer utilized private outdoor space. The timing - as Cornelius's messengers approached - shows divine coordination of events. God prepared the messenger while sending the seekers.

And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while they made ready, he fell into a trance,

View commentary
Peter's hunger during prayer became the occasion for vision. The 'trance' (ekstasis) suspended normal consciousness for divine revelation. Physical need and spiritual experience intersected in God's timing.

And saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the earth:

View commentary
Peter saw 'heaven opened' - indicating divine revelation. The 'great sheet' descending with 'all manner of fourfooted beasts' contained clean and unclean animals together. This vision challenged dietary distinctions that separated Jews from Gentiles.

Wherein were all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air.

View commentary
The sheet contained 'all manner of fourfooted beasts of the earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air.' This comprehensive list covered all categories of unclean creatures. Nothing was excluded from the vision's scope.

And there came a voice to him, Rise, Peter; kill, and eat.

View commentary
The command 'Rise, Peter; kill, and eat' directly contradicted Peter's lifelong observance. The divine voice commanded what Torah prohibited. This created cognitive dissonance that would lead to theological breakthrough.

But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean.

View commentary
Peter's protest - 'Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean' - showed sincere resistance based on lifelong obedience. The terms 'common' (koinon) and 'unclean' (akatharton) were distinct ceremonial categories.

And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.

View commentary
The divine response - 'What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common' - declared God's sovereign right to determine cleanness. The perfect tense 'hath cleansed' indicated completed action. God had already cleansed what Peter still called common.

This was done thrice : and the vessel was received up again into heaven.

View commentary
The vision repeated 'thrice' for emphasis, then 'the vessel was received up again into heaven.' Triple repetition established certainty (Genesis 41:32). The heavenly origin and destination confirmed the message's divine authority.

Peter's Vision

Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean , behold , the men which were sent from Cornelius had made enquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate,

View commentary
While Peter 'doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean' - honest perplexity about revelation - Cornelius's messengers arrived. Peter's confusion would find resolution in divine providence. God clarified through circumstances.

And called, and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there.

View commentary
The servants 'called and asked whether Simon, which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there.' Their inquiry confirmed Peter's identity and location. The vision's meaning would become clear through this encounter.

While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee.

View commentary
While Peter thought on the vision of clean and unclean animals, 'the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee.' The Spirit's direct speech shows His personal agency in guiding the church. The timing was perfect - while Peter pondered the vision's meaning, messengers from Cornelius arrived. Reformed theology sees God's providence synchronizing Peter's preparation with the Gentiles' approach. The Spirit orchestrated both the vision and the visitors to prepare Peter for this watershed moment in salvation history - the gospel going officially to Gentiles.

Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.

View commentary
The Spirit commanded Peter: 'Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.' The command to go 'doubting nothing' addressed Peter's hesitation about associating with Gentiles. The phrase 'I have sent them' reveals the Spirit's sovereign orchestration - the Gentile messengers came at the Spirit's sending, not mere human initiative. Reformed theology emphasizes the Spirit's active role in bringing elect sinners to gospel messengers. Peter's obedience despite cultural and religious barriers would open salvation's door to the Gentile world.

Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come?

View commentary
Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come? Peter's immediate, direct response demonstrates readiness to embrace God's revealed will, transitioning from vision's perplexity to obedient action.

And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee.

View commentary
And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee. The messengers' description of Cornelius establishes his credibility while emphasizing divine initiative in this revolutionary Gentile outreach.

Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him.

View commentary
Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him. Peter's hospitality toward Gentile messengers and willingness to travel to Gentile home demonstrated immediate application of vision's lesson about clean/unclean distinctions being abolished.

And the morrow after they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius waited for them , and had called together his kinsmen and near friends.

View commentary
And the morrow after they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius waited for them, and had called together his kinsmen and near friends. Cornelius's preparation—gathering household and friends—demonstrates expectant faith and desire to share spiritual blessings with his community.

And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him.

View commentary
When Peter entered Cornelius's house, 'Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him.' Cornelius's gesture, whether reverence or worship, was inappropriate. Peter's response (v.26) corrected this immediately. This incident warns against offering to any human the worship due God alone. From a Reformed perspective, this safeguards against the Catholic error of venerating saints and clergy - all humans are fellow servants (Revelation 19:10), unworthy of worship. Peter's humility contrasts with later papal claims to receive veneration.

But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man.

View commentary
Peter's response - 'Stand up; I myself also am a man' - demonstrates appropriate humility and proper theology. Peter refused any special status beyond fellow humanity. This equality before God establishes that ministers are servants, not mediators between God and man (1 Timothy 2:5). Reformed theology maintains the priesthood of all believers - no human mediator stands between believers and God except Christ. Peter's humility here contradicts claims of papal supremacy developed later in church history.

And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were come together.

View commentary
And as he talked with him, he went in, and found many that were come together. The casual conversation while entering demonstrates Peter's growing comfort with Gentile interaction, while the gathered crowd shows widespread spiritual hunger.

And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.

View commentary
Peter explained: 'Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.' The vision's meaning became clear - it concerned people, not merely food. God was abolishing ceremonial distinctions between Jews and Gentiles under the new covenant. Reformed theology sees this as the transition from old covenant particularity (Israel) to new covenant universality (all nations). The gospel breaks down all human barriers and divisions.

Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me?

View commentary
Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me? Peter's directness demonstrates complete abandonment of previous hesitations, acknowledging divine orchestration while seeking clarification of specific purpose.

And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing,

View commentary
And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour; and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and, behold, a man stood before me in bright clothing, Cornelius's account establishes chronology while emphasizing spiritual disciplines (fasting, prayer) that preceded angelic visitation.

And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God.

View commentary
And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God. The angel's message affirms that God noticed Cornelius's spiritual devotion and charitable works, though these didn't earn salvation but demonstrated genuine faith.

Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee.

View commentary
Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon, whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a tanner by the sea side: who, when he cometh, shall speak unto thee. The angel's specific instructions—name, location, detailed address—demonstrate divine omniscience while directing Cornelius to human messenger for gospel proclamation.

Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God.

View commentary
Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God. Cornelius's immediate obedience and assembled audience's reverent posture demonstrate ideal conditions for gospel reception—expectant faith, gathered community, and recognition of divine authority.

Peter Preaches to the Gentiles

Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:

View commentary
Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons—Peter's declaration marks epochal shift: salvation is offered to Gentiles without requiring Jewish conversion. The phrase 'no respecter of persons' (οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης) means God shows no partiality based on ethnicity, status, or religious pedigree. The vision of clean/unclean animals (vv.9-16) and the Spirit's directive (vv.19-20) forced Peter beyond Jewish exclusivism. I perceive (καταλαμβάνομαι) indicates fresh realization—Peter grasps truth he should have known from Scripture but required supernatural intervention to accept.

But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.

View commentary
Peter continued: 'But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.' This doesn't teach salvation by works but describes the character of genuine faith - it produces godly fear and righteous works. The Reformed understanding sees this as evidence of regeneration, not the basis of acceptance. True faith, wherever found, manifests in fear of God and righteous living. The phrase 'in every nation' establishes the gospel's universal scope - God saves His elect from all peoples through faith in Christ.

The word which God sent unto the children of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ: (he is Lord