King James Version
Psalms 104
35 verses with commentary
O Lord My God, You Are Very Great
Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; thou art clothed with honour and majesty.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; thou art clothed with honour and majesty.</strong> This psalm opens with David's summons to his own soul to worship, echoing Psalms 103 and 146. "Bless the LORD" (<em>barkhi nafshi et-Yahweh</em>, בָּרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶת־יְהוָה) uses the intensive imperative—commanding wholehearted engagement in worship. <em>Nafshi</em> (נַפְשִׁי...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(1-4) First and second days of Creation. Instead, however, of describing the *creation *of light, the poet makes a sublime approach to his theme by treating it as a symbol of the Divine majesty. It is the vesture of God, the tremulous curtain of His tent, whose supporting beams are based, not on the earth, but on those cloud-masses which form an upper ocean. This curtain is then, as it were, drawn...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
PSALM 72 Psa 72:1-19. For, or literally, "of Solomon." The closing verse rather relates to the second book of Psalms, of which this is the last, and was perhaps added by some collector, to intimate that the collection, to which, as chief author, David's name was appended, was closed. In this view, these may consistently be the productions of others included, as of Asaph, sons of Korah, and Solomon...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain:
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain:</strong> This verse continues the royal imagery from verse 1, describing God's apparel and dwelling. "Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment" (<em>oteh-or kasalmah</em>, עֹטֶה־אוֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָה) portrays God wrapped in light itself. <em>Or</em> (אוֹר) denotes physical light, but als...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(2) **Who coverest.**—Perhaps better with the participles of the original retained:
Putting on light as a robe;
Spreading the heavens as a curtain.
The psalmist does not think of the formation of light as of a single past act, but as a continued glorious operation of Divine power and splendour. Not only is light as to the modern poet,
“Nature’s resplendent robe,
Without whose vesting beauty all we...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters: who maketh the clouds his chariot: who walketh upon the wings of the wind:
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KJV Study Commentary
God 'lays the beams of his chambers in the waters' and makes clouds His chariot, 'walking upon the wings of the wind.' This majestic imagery portrays God's sovereign control over creation's highest realms. The 'chambers' (aliyyah) suggest His heavenly dwelling above the waters of the sky. Walking on wind demonstrates effortless mastery over nature's most powerful forces. This anticipates Christ wa...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(3) **Layeth the beams.**—Literally, *maketh to meet *The meaning of the Hebrew word, which is an exact equivalent of the Latin *contignare, *is clear from Nehemiah 2:8; Nehemiah 3:3; Nehemiah 3:6, and from the meaning of the derived noun (2Kings 6:2; 2Kings 6:5; Song of Solomon 1:17).
**Chambers.**—Literally, *lofts *or *upper stories. *(See 2Kings 4:10; Jeremiah 22:13-14.)
**In the waters.**—The...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
3. As mountains and hills are not usually productive, they are here selected to show the abundance of peace, being represented as
**bringing--**or, literally, "bearing" it as a produce.
**by righteousness--**that is, by means of his eminently just and good methods of ruling.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fire:
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KJV Study Commentary
God makes His angels 'spirits' (ruchot) and His ministers 'a flaming fire.' Hebrews 1:7 quotes this verse, contrasting angels' servitude with Christ's superiority as God's Son. Angels are created servants who take various forms to accomplish God's will; fire suggests both their holiness and consuming power in God's service. The Reformed understanding of angelic beings recognizes their dignity as s...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(4) **Who maketh . . .**—Rather,
Who maketh winds His messenger
A flaming fire His ministers.
Or, keeping the order of the Hebrew,
Who maketh His messengers of winds,
And His ministers of flaming fire.
This is plainly the meaning required by the context, which deals with the use made by the Divine King of the various forms and forces of Nature. Just as He makes the clouds serve as a chariot and th...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
4. That peace, including prosperity, as an eminent characteristic of Christ's reign (Is 2:4; Is 9:6; 11:9), will be illustrated in the security provided for the helpless and needy, and the punishment inflicted on oppressors, whose power to injure or mar the peace of others will be destroyed (compare Is 65:25; Zec 9:10).
**children of the needy--**for the needy (compare sons of strangers, Psa 18:...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever . Who: Heb. He hath founded the earth upon her bases
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KJV Study Commentary
God 'laid the foundations of the earth' so firmly 'it should not be removed for ever.' This speaks to creation's stability and order, grounded in God's sovereign establishment. The Hebrew kun (established) suggests intentional, permanent placement. While the earth will ultimately be renewed (2 Pet 3:13, Rev 21:1), God's original creative work demonstrates His power and reliability. Christ, through...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(5–18) The work of the third day of Creation in its two great divisions. (1) The separation of the land and water (Psalm 104:5-9); (2) the clothing of the earth with grass, herbs, and trees (Psalm 104:10-18). The poet, however, ranges beyond the Mosaic account, and already peoples the earth with the living creatures of the fifth day. “It is not a picture of still life like that of Genesis, but a l...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**5. as long as ... endure--**literally, "with the sun," coeval with its existence, and before, or, in presence of the moon, while it lasts (compare Ge 11:28, "before Terah," literally, "in presence of," while he lived).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →Thou coveredst it with the deep as with a garment: the waters stood above the mountains.
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KJV Study Commentary
The deep (tehom) covered the earth 'as with a garment,' with waters standing 'above the mountains.' This recalls Genesis 1:2's description of pre-creation chaos, emphasizing God's power over primordial waters. The imagery shows creation beginning in watery formlessness until God's word brought order. This water above mountains will soon recede at God's command (v.7), demonstrating His absolute aut...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(6) **The deep.**—The water-world is first considered as a vast garment wrapped round the earth, so that the mountain-tops are covered. But here it is beyond its right, and the Divine rebuke forces it to retire within narrower limits. It is noticeable that the idea of a chaos finds no place in the poetic conception of the world’s genesis. The primitive world is not formless, but has its mountains ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
6. A beautiful figure expresses the grateful nature of His influence;
7, and, carrying out the figure, the results are described in an abundant production.
**the righteous--**literally, "righteousness."
**flourish--**literally, "sprout," or, "spring forth."
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →At thy rebuke they fled; at the voice of thy thunder they hasted away.
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KJV Study Commentary
At God's rebuke (ge'arah) and voice of thunder (qol ra'am), waters fled. This dramatic language personifies waters responding to divine command with fearful obedience. God's mere word reshapes creation. The 'rebuke' suggests authoritative correction of chaos. Christ demonstrated similar authority when He rebuked wind and waves (Mark 4:39). The Reformed emphasis on God's word as powerful and effect...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →They go up by the mountains; they go down by the valleys unto the place which thou hast founded for them. They go up: or, The mountains ascend, the valleys descend
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KJV Study Commentary
Waters flowing down from mountains to valleys demonstrate God's intentional geographic design. 'They go up...they go down' shows divine choreography of earth's topography. God didn't merely create but arranged creation purposefully. Each feature serves His design. This verse transitions from watery chaos to ordered landscape, showing God's providence in providing for creation. Christ's care for cr...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(8) **They go up.**—This translation is grammatically possible, but is inconsistent with the preceding description. It is better therefore to take the clause parenthetically, and to make hills and valleys the subjects. *Hills rise, valleys sink, *an interesting anticipation of the disclosures of geology, which, though in a different sense, tells of the upheaval of mountains and depression of valle...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
8. The foreign nations mentioned (Psa 72:9, 10) could not be included in the limits, if designed to indicate the boundaries of Solomon's kingdom. The terms, though derived from those used (Ex 23:31; De 11:24) to denote the possessions of Israel, must have a wider sense. Thus, "ends of the earth" is never used of Palestine, but always of the world (compare Margin).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →Thou hast set a bound that they may not pass over; that they turn not again to cover the earth.
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KJV Study Commentary
God set a boundary (gebul) that waters cannot pass, preventing another flood covering the earth. This recalls God's covenant promise to Noah (Gen 9:11-15). God's restraint of waters demonstrates His faithfulness and protective boundaries in creation. The sea's limits illustrate divine sovereignty—even chaotic forces obey appointed boundaries. Job 38:8-11 similarly describes God setting bars and do...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(9) **A bound.**—It is striking to observe what a deep impression their little line of coast, the barrier which beat off the waves of the Mediterranean, made on the Hebrew mind. The sea was an object of dread. Or if dread passes into reverent wonder, as in Psalm 104:25-26, it ends there; the Jew never took *delight *in the sea. Hence, the coast has for him only one purpose and suggestion. It is no...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
9-11. The extent of the conquests.
**They that dwell in the wilderness--**the wild, untutored tribes of deserts.
**bow ... dust--**in profound submission. The remotest and wealthiest nations shall acknowledge Him (compare Psa 45:12).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 104
Chapter Outline
God's majesty in the heavens, The creation of the sea, and the dry land.
(1-9)
His provision for all creatures.
(10-18)
The regular course of day and night, and God's sovereign power over all the creatures.
(19-30)
A resolution to continue praising God.
(31-35)
**Verses 1-9**
Every object we behold calls on us to bless and prais...
Read full commentary →He sendeth the springs into the valleys, which run among the hills. He: Heb. Who run: Heb. walk
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KJV Study Commentary
God sends springs (ma'ayanim) into valleys running among hills, providing fresh water for creation. This demonstrates God's ongoing providence, not mere initial creation. He actively sustains what He made. Water sources among mountains and valleys enable diverse ecosystems. This provision reflects God's care for all creatures (v.11). Christ taught that the Father feeds birds (Matt 6:26), showing t...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(10) **Springs.**—The account in Genesis goes on abruptly from the appearance of the dry land to speak of the vegetation which covers it, apparently without any physical means for its production. But a poet, especially an Oriental poet, thinks first of the springs and rivers on which fertility and life depend. And such is his sympathy with nature that in disregard of the original record he hastens...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
9-11. The extent of the conquests.
**They that dwell in the wilderness--**the wild, untutored tribes of deserts.
**bow ... dust--**in profound submission. The remotest and wealthiest nations shall acknowledge Him (compare Psa 45:12).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →They give drink to every beast of the field: the wild asses quench their thirst. quench: Heb. break
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KJV Study Commentary
Springs give drink to 'every beast of the field,' and wild donkeys (pere'im) quench their thirst. God's care extends to wild animals, not merely domesticated ones useful to humans. Even the wild donkey, symbol of untamed creation, receives divine provision. This demonstrates God's goodness extends beyond utilitarian concerns. Christ referenced God feeding ravens (Luke 12:24), making the same point...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(11) **Wild asses.**—See Job 39:5-8.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
9-11. The extent of the conquests.
**They that dwell in the wilderness--**the wild, untutored tribes of deserts.
**bow ... dust--**in profound submission. The remotest and wealthiest nations shall acknowledge Him (compare Psa 45:12).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →By them shall the fowls of the heaven have their habitation, which sing among the branches. sing: Heb. give a voice
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KJV Study Commentary
Birds dwelling 'by' the waters sing 'among the branches,' creating a pastoral scene of harmony. God's provision enables not just survival but flourishing—birds don't merely exist but sing. This hints at creation's joy in fulfilling its purpose. The Hebrew yittenu qol (give voice) suggests vocal praise to the Creator. Even non-rational creation glorifies God (Ps 148). Christ taught that His followe...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(12) **By them.**—Better, *above them, i.e.*, in the trees and bushes growing on the bank of the stream. Translate by the present, *have their homes.*
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
12-14. They are not the conquests of arms, but the influences of humane and peaceful principles (compare Is 9:7; 11:1-9; Zec 9:9, 10).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →He watereth the hills from his chambers: the earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works.
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KJV Study Commentary
God waters hills 'from his chambers,' referring to the heavenly storehouses of rain. 'The earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works' shows creation's contentment with God's provision. Rain from above demonstrates God's heavenly care for earthly needs. The satisfaction (saba) suggests abundance, not mere sufficiency. This anticipates Christ as living water (John 4:14) satisfying spiritual thir...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(13) **Chambers**—*i.e., of cloud, *as in Psalm 104:3.
**Thy works.**—If we go by the parallelism, this means the “rain,” here called God’s works, as in Psalm 65:9 (see Note), his “river.” Others prefer to see a general reference to the operations of nature which produce fruit.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
12-14. They are not the conquests of arms, but the influences of humane and peaceful principles (compare Is 9:7; 11:1-9; Zec 9:9, 10).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth;
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KJV Study Commentary
God causes grass to grow for cattle and 'herb for the service of man' that he might bring forth food from the earth. This verse establishes God's provision for both animals and humans through vegetation. 'Service' (avodah) can mean work or worship, suggesting human agricultural labor cooperates with God's provision. Humans don't create food but cultivate what God causes to grow. This grounds work ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(14) **For the service of man**—*i.e., *for his use (so Gesenius). But some deny this meaning to the Hebrew, which properly means “labour” or “office.” (In 1Chronicles 27:26; Nehemiah 10:37, it means “agriculture,” “tillage.”) Hence they render, “And herbs for man’s labour in bringing them forth from the earth,” alluding to his task of cultivating the soil. Standing by itself the clause would inde...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
12-14. They are not the conquests of arms, but the influences of humane and peaceful principles (compare Is 9:7; 11:1-9; Zec 9:9, 10).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man's heart. oil: Heb. to make his face shine with oil, or, more than oil
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KJV Study Commentary
Wine gladdens human hearts, oil makes faces shine, and bread strengthens hearts. This verse celebrates God's provision beyond mere survival—wine brings joy, oil brings beauty (health), and bread brings strength. These three staples of Mediterranean diet represent comprehensive provision for joy, wellbeing, and vitality. This isn't asceticism but appreciation for God's good gifts. Christ's first mi...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(15) **And wine that . . .**—Better, *and wine gladdens man’s heart, making his face shine more than oil *(see-margin. The alternative follows the LXX. and Vulg., and suggests the anointing with oil at a banquet), *and bread man’s heart sustains.*
**Oil.**—For oil and its uses see Psalm 133:2; Psalm 141:5.
**Strengtheneth.**—Properly, *props *or *supports. *(Comp. “the staff of bread,” Psalm 105:1...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
15. In his prolonged life he will continue to receive the honorable gifts of the rich, and the prayers of his people shall be made for him, and their praises given to him.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →The trees of the LORD are full of sap; the cedars of Lebanon, which he hath planted;
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KJV Study Commentary
The trees of the LORD—even Lebanon's cedars that He planted—are 'full of sap' (satisfied). Even the mightiest trees depend entirely on God's watering. The cedars of Lebanon were famous for strength and beauty, yet they too rely on divine provision. This humbles human pride—if great cedars depend on God, how much more humans? 'Trees of the LORD' (atsei YHWH) suggests these magnificent trees particu...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(16) **The trees . . .**—Better, *Jehovah’s trees are satisfied. *The parallelism shows what are Jehovah’s trees. The cedar of Lebanon (see 1Kings 4:33) was the grandest and fairest tree known to the Hebrew; and like lightning and the tropical rain, is honoured by the epithet most expressive of grandeur. (See *Bible Educator, *iv., 359.) Such trees the poet feels must have been planted by the Divi...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
16. The spiritual blessings, as often in Scripture, are set forth by material, the abundance of which is described by a figure, in which a "handful" (or literally, "a piece," or small portion) of corn in the most unpropitious locality, shall produce a crop, waving in the wind in its luxuriant growth, like the forests of Lebanon.
**they of the city ... earth--**This clause denotes the rapid and a...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house.
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KJV Study Commentary
Birds make nests in the cedars, while the fir trees house the stork (chasidah). God's provision extends to providing habitat, not just food and water. The stork nesting in fir trees shows God's detailed care for diverse creatures' specific needs. Each creature has its appropriate dwelling provided by God. This micro-level providence demonstrates God's comprehensive care. Christ taught that foxes h...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(17) **Stork.**—The LXX. give “heron,” but Dr. Tristram has shown that there is no need to prefer “heron” here, on account of “the nesting in fir trees,” since if near its feeding-grounds the stork readily selects a fir as the tallest and most convenient tree for its nest (*Nat. Hist. of the Bible, *p. 244).
“The eagle and the stork
On cliffs and cedar-tops their eyries build.”—MILTON.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**17. His name--**or, "glorious perfections."
**as long as the sun--**(Compare Psa 72:5).
**men shall be blessed--**(Ge 12:3; 18:18).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies.
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KJV Study Commentary
High hills are for wild goats (ye'elim), and rocks provide refuge for conies (shaphanim, likely rock badgers/hyraxes). God assigns habitats suiting each creature's needs—sure-footed goats get mountains, rock-dwelling creatures get cliffs. This demonstrates thoughtful design matching form to function. Every creature has its place in God's ordered creation. This ecological wisdom reflects God's inte...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(18) **Wild goats.**—Heb., *climbers, *and so at home on the “high hills.” (See 1Samuel 24:2, “the rocks of the wild goats.”) “This animal, which is a relation of the Swiss ibex or steinbock, is now called the beden or jaela “(*Bible Educator, *II., 104).
**Conies.**—Heb., *shāphan, i.e.*, “hider.” (Comp. Leviticus 11:5, and *Bible Educator, *II., 201.) Naturalists know it as the *hyrax Syriacus. ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
18-19. These words close the Psalm in terms consistent with the style of the context, while Psa 72:20 is evidently, from its prosaic style, an addition for the purpose above explained [see on Psa 72:1].
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 10-18**
When we reflect upon the provision made for all creatures, we should also notice the natural worship they render to God. Yet man, forgetful ungrateful man, enjoys the largest measure of his Creator's kindness. the earth, varying in different lands. Nor let us forget spiritual blessings; the fruitfulness of the church through grace, the bread of everlasting life, the cup of sal...
Read full commentary →He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.
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KJV Study Commentary
God appointed the moon for seasons (mo'adim, also meaning appointed times/festivals), and the sun knows its setting. Heavenly bodies operate on precise schedules set by God, governing time's passage. The moon's phases determined Israel's calendar and festivals, making it essential for worship timing. The sun's predictable rising and setting demonstrates reliable divine order. This astronomical pre...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(19) **The moon for seasons.**—See Psalm 89:37, Note. The mention of the inferior luminary first is no doubt partly due to its importance in fixing the calendar, but partly also to the diurnal reckoning, “the evening and the morning” as making the day.
**The sun knoweth.**—So Job 38:12’ of the dawn. The sun is no mere mechanical timepiece to the Israelite poet, but a conscious servant of God. How ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
18-19. These words close the Psalm in terms consistent with the style of the context, while Psa 72:20 is evidently, from its prosaic style, an addition for the purpose above explained [see on Psa 72:1].
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. beasts: Heb. beasts thereof do trample on the forest
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KJV Study Commentary
God makes darkness and it becomes night, when 'all the beasts of the forest creep forth.' Even darkness serves God's purposes, providing time for nocturnal creatures to emerge. Darkness isn't evil here but part of creation's rhythm. Night has its proper function in God's design. This contrasts with darkness as metaphor for evil elsewhere. Christ is the light (John 8:12) who overcomes evil darkness...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(20) **Creep forth.**—The word “forth” is better omitted. The Hebrew verb is that especially used of crawling animals and reptiles, and here, no doubt, his chosen to express the stealthy motion of the beasts when on the track of their prey. (See Psalm 104:25; comp. Job 37:8; Job 38:40.)
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**20. ended--**literally, "finished," or completed; the word never denotes fulfilment, except in a very late usage, as in Ezr 1:1; Da 12:7.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God.
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KJV Study Commentary
Young lions roar after prey, 'seeking their meat from God.' Even predation is presented as provision from God—lions' hunting is included in divine providence. This isn't cruelty but ecological reality in a fallen world. The lions unknowingly seek food from God, who provides for all creatures. Christ taught that the Father feeds all creatures (Matt 6:26). Post-fall creation includes death and preda...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →The sun ariseth, they gather themselves together, and lay them down in their dens.
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KJV Study Commentary
When the sun rises, lions withdraw and 'lay them down in their dens.' Day and night create complementary rhythms for different creatures. Lions' rest during day mirrors humans' rest during night. This orderly succession of activity and rest reflects God's wisdom. Boundaries of day and night govern behavior appropriately. Christ rested (Mark 4:38) and honored Sabbath rhythms while also working on S...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(22) **Lay them down.**—With sunrise all is changed. The Wild animals, with their savage instincts, give way to man with his orderly habits and arranged duties. The curse of labour, on which the account in Genesis dwells, is here entirely out of sight, and instead there appears the “poetry of labour.” And if all sense of the primal curse has disappeared, the later curse, which lies so heavy on the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
PSALM 73 Psa 73:1-28. Of Asaph--(see Introduction). God is good to His people. For although the prosperity of the wicked, and the afflictions of the righteous, tempted the Psalmist to misgivings of God's government, yet the sudden and fearful ruin of the ungodly, seen in the light of God's revelation, reassures his heart; and, chiding himself for his folly, he is led to confide renewedly in God, a...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour until the evening.
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KJV Study Commentary
Man goes forth to his work and labor 'until the evening,' complementing the previous verse about lions. Humans work during day while dangerous animals rest. This divine arrangement protects humans and provides proper time for productive labor. Work is good and divinely ordained, not a curse. The 'until evening' suggests diligent work within proper boundaries, not endless toil. Christ worked as a c...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
2. The figures express his wavering faith, by terms denoting tottering and weakness (compare Psa 22:5; 62:3).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches.</strong> This verse provides the psalm's theological climax, marveling at creation's diversity, design, and abundance. "O LORD, how manifold are thy works" (<em>mah-rabu ma'aseka Yahweh</em>, מָה־רַבּוּ מַעֲשֶׂיךָ יְהוָה) expresses wonder at creation's staggering variety. <em>Rabu</em> (...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(24) **Riches.**—LXX., “creation;” Aquila, Symmachus, and the Vulg., “possession.” The MSS. vary between singular and plural. *Creatures *will perhaps. best express the sense here.
There is something as fine in art as true in religion in this sudden burst of praise—the “evening voluntary” of grateful adoration—into which the poet bursts at the mention of the day’s close. Weariness leaves the soul,...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great beasts.
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KJV Study Commentary
The 'great and wide sea' teems with innumerable creatures both small and great. God's creative abundance fills even the vast oceans with diverse life. 'Things creeping innumerable' suggests overwhelming biodiversity beyond human comprehension. The sea, often symbolizing chaos in Scripture, here demonstrates God's power to fill even chaotic realms with ordered life. Christ's authority over the sea ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(25) **So is . . .**—**Better,** *Yonder is the sea great and broad. *For a moment the poet, “lost in wonder, love and praise,” has forgotten his model, the Mosaic account of creation. But suddenly, as his eye catches sight of the sea—we imagine him on some hill-top, commanding on the one hand the range of Lebanon, on the other the Mediterranean—the words recur to him, “Let the waters bring forth ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom thou hast made to play therein. made: Heb. formed
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KJV Study Commentary
Ships travel the sea, and leviathan (livyatan) plays there. God made both human commerce and mysterious sea creatures. Leviathan, elsewhere a fearsome symbol of chaos (Job 41, Ps 74:14), here frolics playfully. God is so sovereign that even chaos monsters are His playthings. This demonstrates ultimate divine authority—what terrifies humans amuses God. Christ's calming the storm and walking on wate...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(26) **Ships.**—The poet writes like one who had been accustomed to see the navies of Phœnicia, one of the indications which leads to the hypothesis that he belonged to the northern part of Palestine. And here for once we seem to catch a breath of enthusiasm for the sea—so rare a feeling in a Jew.
**Leviathan.**—See Psalm 74:14. In Job (Job 41) it is the crocodile, but here evidently an animal of ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →These wait all upon thee; that thou mayest give them their meat in due season.
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KJV Study Commentary
All creatures wait upon (sabar) God to give them food 'in due season.' Universal dependence on God's provision is emphasized—every creature relies entirely on divine sustenance. 'Wait upon' suggests expectant dependence, not passive resignation. 'Due season' (ittah) indicates God's perfect timing. This grounds all life in God's ongoing providence. Christ taught that the Father feeds all creatures ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →That thou givest them they gather: thou openest thine hand, they are filled with good.
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KJV Study Commentary
What God gives, creatures gather; when He opens His hand, they are filled with good. This emphasizes both divine sovereignty (God gives) and creaturely agency (they gather). God's provision requires responsive action—creatures must gather what God supplies. 'Open thy hand' suggests generous abundance, not grudging provision. Being 'filled with good' (tob) shows God gives quality provision, not mer...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou takest away their breath, they die, and return to their dust.
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KJV Study Commentary
When God hides His face, creatures are troubled; when He takes away breath (ruach), they die and return to dust (aphar). This sobering verse acknowledges God's power over life and death. Hiding His face suggests withdrawal of favor, causing distress. Taking away breath (the same word as Spirit) causes death, reversing the creation of Adam. Returning to dust recalls Genesis 3:19's curse. All life e...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(29) **Thou hidest Thy face.**—Elsewhere an image of displeasure, here only of withdrawal of providential care. (See Psalm 30:7, where the expression “troubled” also occurs.)
**Thou takest away their breath.**—Not only is the food which sustains animal life dependent on the ceaseless providence of God, but even the very breath of life is His, to be sent forth or withdrawn at His will. But to this ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth.
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KJV Study Commentary
When God sends forth His Spirit (ruach), creatures are created, and He renews the face of the earth. This completes the cycle: God's Spirit gives life (v.30) as surely as withdrawing it causes death (v.29). 'Created' (bara, the same word used in Gen 1:1) suggests ongoing creation, not just initial forming. God continually renews creation through His Spirit. This anticipates the new creation (Rev 2...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(30) **Spirit.**—Rather, *breath, *as in Psalm 104:29. We must not here think of the later theological doctrine of the Holy Spirit. The psalmist evidently regards the breath of God only as the vivifying power that gives matter a distinct and individual, but transient, existence. Even in the speculative book of Ecclesiastes, the idea of a human soul having a permanent separate existence does not ma...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3-9. The prosperous wicked are insolently proud (compare Psa 5:5). They die, as well as live, free from perplexities: pride adorns them, and violence is their clothing; indeed they are inflated with unexpected success. With all this--**
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 19-30**
We are to praise and magnify God for the constant succession of day and night. And see how those are like to the wild beasts, who wait for the twilight, and have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Does God listen to the language of mere nature, even in ravenous creatures, and shall he not much more interpret favourably the language of grace in his own people, th...
Read full commentary →The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever: the LORD shall rejoice in his works. endure: Heb. be
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever: the LORD shall rejoice in his works.</strong> This verse transitions from describing God's works to declaring their purpose and His response to them. "The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever" (<em>y'hi khvod Yahweh l'olam</em>, יְהִי כְבוֹד־יְהוָה לְעוֹלָם) is both declaration and prayer. <em>Kavod</em> (כָּבוֹד) means glory, weight, or sign...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(31) **The Lord shall rejoice.**—The poet still follows Genesis in representing God as looking on His finished work with pleasure, but he says nothing of a sabbath. But it is possible that the thought of the sabbath hymns of praise led him to join man with the Divine Being in celebrating the glory and perfection of creation.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
10-12. Hence God's people are confounded, turned hither (or back) and thither, perplexed with doubts of God's knowledge and care, and filled with sorrow.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 31-35**
Man's glory is fading; God's glory is everlasting: creatures change, but with the Creator there is no variableness. And if mediation on the glories of creation be so sweet to the soul, what greater glory appears to the enlightened mind, when contemplating the great work of redemption! There alone can a sinner perceive ground of confidence and joy in God. While he with pleasure...
Read full commentary →He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke.
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KJV Study Commentary
God looks on the earth and it trembles; He touches mountains and they smoke. This awe-inspiring imagery portrays God's overwhelming power over creation. Mere divine attention causes earth's trembling, and His slightest touch makes mountains smoke (recalling Sinai, Exod 19:18). Creation responds to Creator with appropriate fear. This majesty evokes worship, not terror, for believers who know God's ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(32) **Trembleth.**—With the praise is united something of awe and fear, since the majesty and power of Him who made the world is so great. Its very existence is dependent on His will, and a glance, a touch from Him would be enough to shake it to its foundations and consume it. For “the smoky mountain tops,” comp. Psalm 144:5, and see Note, Psalm 148:8.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
10-12. Hence God's people are confounded, turned hither (or back) and thither, perplexed with doubts of God's knowledge and care, and filled with sorrow.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 31-35**
Man's glory is fading; God's glory is everlasting: creatures change, but with the Creator there is no variableness. And if mediation on the glories of creation be so sweet to the soul, what greater glory appears to the enlightened mind, when contemplating the great work of redemption! There alone can a sinner perceive ground of confidence and joy in God. While he with pleasure...
Read full commentary →I will sing unto the LORD as long as I live: I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>I will sing unto the LORD as long as I live: I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.</strong> This verse expresses the psalmist's personal commitment to lifelong worship in response to creation's glories. "I will sing unto the LORD" (<em>ashirah l'Yahweh</em>, אָשִׁירָה לַיהוָה) uses the cohortative form—expressing volition or determination. <em>Shirah</em> (שִׁירָה) means to s...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
10-12. Hence God's people are confounded, turned hither (or back) and thither, perplexed with doubts of God's knowledge and care, and filled with sorrow.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 31-35**
Man's glory is fading; God's glory is everlasting: creatures change, but with the Creator there is no variableness. And if mediation on the glories of creation be so sweet to the soul, what greater glory appears to the enlightened mind, when contemplating the great work of redemption! There alone can a sinner perceive ground of confidence and joy in God. While he with pleasure...
Read full commentary →My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD.</strong> This verse grounds the previous verse's commitment to lifelong worship in internal delight. "My meditation of him" (<em>ye'erav alav sichi</em>, יֶעֱרַב עָלָיו שִׂיחִי) uses <em>siach</em> (שִׂיחַ), meaning meditation, contemplation, or musing. This isn't superficial thinking but deep, sustained reflection on God's c...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(34) **My meditation.**—Rather, *my singing *or *my poetry.*
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
13-14. The Psalmist, partaking of these troubles, is especially disturbed in view of his own case, that with all his diligent efforts for a holy life, he is still sorely tried.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 31-35**
Man's glory is fading; God's glory is everlasting: creatures change, but with the Creator there is no variableness. And if mediation on the glories of creation be so sweet to the soul, what greater glory appears to the enlightened mind, when contemplating the great work of redemption! There alone can a sinner perceive ground of confidence and joy in God. While he with pleasure...
Read full commentary →Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD.
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KJV Study Commentary
The psalm's conclusion calls for sinners to be consumed from the earth and the wicked to be no more, followed by 'Bless the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD (Hallelujah).' This jarring shift from celebrating creation to denouncing sin shows that sin mars God's good creation. Complete blessing requires sin's removal. This isn't vindictiveness but desire for God's perfect will. The final halleluj...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(35) **Sinners be consumed.**—This imprecation, which comes in at the close of this otherwise uniformly glad hymn, has been variously excused. The truth seems to be that from a religious hymn of Israel, since religion and patriotism were one, the expression of the national feeling against heathen oppressors and apostates who sided with them could not well be absent, whatever its immediate subject ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
13-14. The Psalmist, partaking of these troubles, is especially disturbed in view of his own case, that with all his diligent efforts for a holy life, he is still sorely tried.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 31-35**
Man's glory is fading; God's glory is everlasting: creatures change, but with the Creator there is no variableness. And if mediation on the glories of creation be so sweet to the soul, what greater glory appears to the enlightened mind, when contemplating the great work of redemption! There alone can a sinner perceive ground of confidence and joy in God. While he with pleasure...
Read full commentary →