King James Version

What Does Psalms 104:19 Mean?

Psalms 104:19 in the King James Version says “He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 104 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.

Psalms 104:19 · KJV


Context

17

Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house.

18

The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies.

19

He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down.

20

Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. beasts: Heb. beasts thereof do trample on the forest

21

The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God appointed the moon for seasons (mo'adim, also meaning appointed times/festivals), and the sun knows its setting. Heavenly bodies operate on precise schedules set by God, governing time's passage. The moon's phases determined Israel's calendar and festivals, making it essential for worship timing. The sun's predictable rising and setting demonstrates reliable divine order. This astronomical precision points to God's faithfulness—as surely as sun and moon follow their courses, God keeps His promises. Christ's resurrection on the first day (Sunday) established a new creation week.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's religious calendar was lunar-based, making the moon crucial for determining festival dates. Understanding celestial bodies as divine appointments, not deities (as in pagan religion), distinguished Israel's cosmology.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do the reliable patterns of sun and moon strengthen your trust in God's faithfulness to His promises?
  2. What spiritual 'seasons' has God appointed in your life that you need to discern and honor?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
עָשָׂ֣ה1 of 6

He appointed

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

יָ֭רֵחַ2 of 6

the moon

H3394

the moon

לְמוֹעֲדִ֑ים3 of 6

for seasons

H4150

properly, an appointment, i.e., a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as convened for

שֶׁ֝֗מֶשׁ4 of 6

the sun

H8121

the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement

יָדַ֥ע5 of 6

knoweth

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

מְבוֹאֽוֹ׃6 of 6

his going down

H3996

an entrance (the place or the act); specifically sunset or the west; also (adverb with preposition) towards


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 104:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 104:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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