King James Version
Psalms 105
45 verses with commentary
Give Thanks to the Lord
O give thanks unto the LORD; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
<strong>O give thanks unto the LORD; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people.</strong> This opening verse establishes three essential postures of covenant worship: gratitude, prayer, and proclamation. "Give thanks" translates the Hebrew <em>yadah</em> (יָדָה), meaning to praise, give thanks, or confess—acknowledging God's character and works with both heart and voice. The imperat...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(1) **Call upon his name.**—Literally, *on *(or, *with*) *his name *(comp. Psalm 105:3, “glory in”), with idea of *proclamation *as well as *invocation. *Symmachus has “proclaim his name.” This verse, which is found word for word in Isaiah 12:4, is apparently one of the recognised doxologies of the Hebrew Church.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
15. Freed from idiomatic phrases, this verse expresses a supposition, as, "Had I thus spoken, I should," &c., intimating that he had kept his troubles to himself.
**generation of thy children--**Thy people (1Jo 3:1).
**offend--**literally, "deceive, mislead."
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him: talk ye of all his wondrous works.
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KJV Study Commentary
The call to 'sing unto him, sing psalms unto him' and 'talk ye of all his wondrous works' emphasizes both corporate worship and daily conversation about God's deeds. Singing psalms was central to Israel's worship, rehearsing God's redemptive history. 'Talk' (siach) suggests meditation and conversation, making God's works the topic of daily discourse. This grounds faith in historical acts, not abst...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(2) **Sing psalms.**—Rather, *play, sing unto Him, play unto Him; *the usual choral direction.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**16-17. Still he--**
**thought--**literally, "studied," or, "pondered this riddle"; but in vain; it remained a toil (compare Margin), till he--
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD.
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KJV Study Commentary
To 'glory in his holy name' means to boast in God's character and reputation. Hearts of those seeking the LORD should rejoice. This connects worship (glorying in God's name) with active pursuit (seeking). 'Seeking' (darash) implies diligent inquiry and pursuit, not passive waiting. Rejoicing characterizes genuine seekers—finding God brings joy. Christ promised that seekers would find (Matt 7:7-8)....
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**16-17. Still he--**
**thought--**literally, "studied," or, "pondered this riddle"; but in vain; it remained a toil (compare Margin), till he--
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →Seek the LORD, and his strength: seek his face evermore.
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KJV Study Commentary
Seeking the LORD and His strength, and seeking His face continually demonstrates persistent pursuit of God's presence and power. 'Strength' (oz) refers to God's might. 'Face' (panim) represents His favorable presence. 'Continually' (tamid) means perpetual, unceasing seeking. This isn't occasional religious duty but constant orientation toward God. Christ taught persistent prayer (Luke 18:1) and pr...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(4) **Seek the Lord.**—Better, *Enquire after Jehovah and his power. *The congregation is directed to the historical survey which follows. This sense seems settled by Psalm 111:2 : “The works of Jehovah are great, enquired into by all those who take delight in them.” And hence the word “strength” must be understood as used generally of the manifestation of Divine power in the wondrous deeds now to...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**18-20. their end--**future (Psa 37:37, 38), which is dismal and terribly sudden (Pr 1:27; 29:1), aggravated and hastened by terror. As one despises an unsubstantial dream, so God, waking up to judgment (Psa 7:6; 44:23), despises their vain shadow of happiness (Psa 39:6; Is 29:7). They are thrown into ruins as a building falling to pieces (Psa 74:3).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →Remember his marvellous works that he hath done; his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth;
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KJV Study Commentary
Remembering (zakar) God's marvelous works, wonders, and judgments demonstrates covenant faithfulness. Memory is active in Hebrew thought—not mere recall but rehearsing and applying. The three terms (marvelous works, wonders, judgments) comprehensively describe God's redemptive acts. Remembering prevents forgetting, which leads to apostasy (Deut 8:11-14). Christ instituted the Lord's Supper as memo...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**18-20. their end--**future (Psa 37:37, 38), which is dismal and terribly sudden (Pr 1:27; 29:1), aggravated and hastened by terror. As one despises an unsubstantial dream, so God, waking up to judgment (Psa 7:6; 44:23), despises their vain shadow of happiness (Psa 39:6; Is 29:7). They are thrown into ruins as a building falling to pieces (Psa 74:3).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →O ye seed of Abraham his servant, ye children of Jacob his chosen.
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KJV Study Commentary
Addressing Abraham's seed and Jacob's children identifies Israel as covenant recipients. This grounds their identity in God's elective love, not their merit. Being Abraham's descendants carries covenant responsibilities and privileges. Paul later argues that true descendants are those of faith (Gal 3:7, 29), not merely biological lineage. Christ came as Abraham's seed (Gal 3:16) to fulfill covenan...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**18-20. their end--**future (Psa 37:37, 38), which is dismal and terribly sudden (Pr 1:27; 29:1), aggravated and hastened by terror. As one despises an unsubstantial dream, so God, waking up to judgment (Psa 7:6; 44:23), despises their vain shadow of happiness (Psa 39:6; Is 29:7). They are thrown into ruins as a building falling to pieces (Psa 74:3).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →He is the LORD our God: his judgments are in all the earth.
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KJV Study Commentary
Confessing 'He is the LORD our God' affirms covenant relationship—He is not merely a god but Israel's God. Yet His judgments are 'in all the earth,' emphasizing universal sovereignty. God is both particularly Israel's God (covenant relationship) and universally earth's God (sovereign Creator). This tension between particular election and universal rule characterizes biblical theology. Christ came ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(7-11) First cause of praise; the ancient covenant.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**21-22. He confesses how--**
**foolish--**literally, "stupid," and
**ignorant--**literally, "not discerning," had been his course of thought.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 105
Chapter Outline
A solemn call to praise and serve the Lord.(1-7)
His gracious dealings with Israel.(8-23)
Their deliverance from Egypt, and their settlement in Canaan.(24-45)
**Verses 1-7**
Our devotion is here stirred up, that we may stir up ourselves to praise God. Seek his strength; that is, his grace; the strength of his Spirit to work in us that which is good...
Read full commentary →He hath remembered his covenant for ever, the word which he commanded to a thousand generations.
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KJV Study Commentary
God remembers His covenant 'for ever' and His word to 'a thousand generations.' Divine memory, unlike human forgetting, is eternally faithful. The covenant made with one generation binds God to all subsequent generations. 'Thousand generations' is hyperbolic, emphasizing perpetual faithfulness. This grounds assurance in God's character, not human merit. Christ's blood established a new covenant (L...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(8) **Commanded.**—Better, *appointed, *or *conferred.*
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**21-22. He confesses how--**
**foolish--**literally, "stupid," and
**ignorant--**literally, "not discerning," had been his course of thought.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Which covenant he made with Abraham, and his oath unto Isaac;
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KJV Study Commentary
The covenant 'which he made with Abraham' and sworn 'unto Isaac' traces God's promises through patriarchal history. These weren't casual promises but formal covenant oaths. God bound Himself to fulfill what He promised. The progression from Abraham to Isaac shows covenant succession through chosen line. Christ is the ultimate seed of Abraham (Gal 3:16) in whom all promises find fulfillment. The Re...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(9) **Made.**—Literally, *cut; *the usual word for making a covenant (*icere fœdus*)*. *The word is therefore here a synonym for “league,” as in Haggai 2:5.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
23. Still he was with God, as a dependent beneficiary, and so kept from falling (Psa 73:2).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →And confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant:
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KJV Study Commentary
God confirmed the covenant 'unto Jacob for a law' and to 'Israel for an everlasting covenant.' The name shift from Jacob (the man) to Israel (the nation) shows covenant's expansion. 'Law' (choq) here means statute or decree—God's unbreakable commitment. 'Everlasting covenant' (berit olam) emphasizes permanent, unconditional character. This covenant endures beyond individuals to their descendants. ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(10) **Law . . . covenant.**—In Hebrew, *chok *and *herîth, *which here seem to be used as synonyms. (Comp. the use of the former word in Psalm 2:7.)
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
24. All doubts are silenced in confidence of divine guidance and future glory.
**receive me to glory--**literally, "take for (me) glory" (compare Psa 68:18; Ep 4:8).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance: lot: Heb. cord
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KJV Study Commentary
The covenant promise: 'Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance.' God promised specific territory as tangible evidence of His faithfulness. Land represented security, provision, and fulfillment of promises. The 'lot of your inheritance' (chebel nachalah) uses surveying language, indicating definite boundaries. Physical land in the Old Testament points to spiritual inhe...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(11) This verse marks the scope of the psalm, to show how the promise made to Abraham was fulfilled.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
25-26. God is his only satisfying good.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →When they were but a few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers in it.
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KJV Study Commentary
When Israel was 'but a few men in number,' 'very few and strangers' in Canaan, God's promises seemed impossible. Small numbers made the covenant promise of land and nationhood appear absurd. Yet God's promises don't depend on favorable circumstances. Abraham started with zero descendants; God promised innumerable offspring. 'Strangers' (ger) emphasizes their vulnerable, foreign status. This prefig...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
25-26. God is his only satisfying good.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →When they went from one nation to another, from one kingdom to another people;
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KJV Study Commentary
When Israel wandered 'from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people,' God preserved them. The patriarchs lived as nomads, moving between territories without permanent settlement. This precarious existence made them vulnerable to hostile powers. Yet God protected them throughout. Their wandering prefigures believers as sojourners (1 Pet 2:11) in this world, awaiting their permanent home...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
27-28. The lot of apostates, described by a figure of frequent use (Jr 3:1, 3; Eze 23:35), is contrasted with his, who finds happiness in nearness to God (Jas 4:8), and his delightful work the declaration of His praise.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for their sakes;
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KJV Study Commentary
God 'suffered no man to do them wrong' and 'reproved kings for their sakes.' Despite the patriarchs' vulnerability, God actively protected them from harm. He didn't merely observe but intervened on their behalf, even confronting powerful monarchs. This demonstrates God's covenant faithfulness protects the weak against the strong. Specific instances include Pharaoh and Abimelech (Gen 12:17, 20:3-7)...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(14) **Wrong.**—The allusion is doubtless to the incidents connected with Sarah and Rebekah at the courts of Egypt and Philistia. (See Genesis 26:11.)
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
27-28. The lot of apostates, described by a figure of frequent use (Jr 3:1, 3; Eze 23:35), is contrasted with his, who finds happiness in nearness to God (Jas 4:8), and his delightful work the declaration of His praise.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm.
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KJV Study Commentary
God warned: 'Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm.' The patriarchs are called God's anointed (meshiach) and prophets, showing their special status. To harm them is to attack God Himself. This principle extends to all God's people—persecuting believers persecutes Christ (Acts 9:4). 'Touch not' doesn't mean avoid all contact but forbids harming. The anointed one ultimately is Christ, ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(15) **Anointed.**—In the plural, “my anointed ones.” As referring to the patriarchs, the expression is not technical, since they were never, like priests, prophets, and kings in later times, actually *anointed. *But the terms being sometimes applied to the covenant people as a whole (see Psalm 89:38; Psalm 89:51), its application to the founders of the race, especially those to whom the “promises...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Moreover he called for a famine upon the land: he brake the whole staff of bread.
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KJV Study Commentary
God 'called for a famine upon the land' and 'brake the whole staff of bread.' This demonstrates God's sovereignty even over disasters. Famine wasn't random but divinely appointed to accomplish His purposes. 'Staff of bread' (matteh lechem) refers to bread as life's support. Breaking it means removing sustenance entirely. This severe famine drove Jacob's family to Egypt, setting up the Exodus. God ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(16) **Called for a famine.**—Comp. 2Kings 8:1; and in Ezekiel 14 we see how famine, with war and pestilence and noisome beasts, were regarded as Divine emissaries to be summoned and sent on His missions.
**Staff of bread.**—Leviticus 26:26. (See, too, Note on Psalm 104:15.)
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
PSALM 74 Psa 74:1-23. If the historical allusions of Psa 74:6-8, &c., be referred, as is probable, to the period of the captivity, the author was probably a descendant and namesake of Asaph, David's contemporary and singer (compare 2Ch 35:15; Ezr 2:41). He complains of God's desertion of His Church, and appeals for aid, encouraging himself by recounting some of God's mighty deeds, and urges hi...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →He sent a man before them, even Joseph, who was sold for a servant:
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KJV Study Commentary
God 'sent a man before them' - Joseph, who was 'sold for a servant.' This reveals divine providence working through human wickedness. Joseph's brothers' sin became God's means of preserving Israel. Joseph went ahead to prepare salvation. This prefigures Christ, rejected by His brothers (John 1:11) but sent ahead to prepare salvation. 'Sold' (makar) recalls Joseph's sale into slavery (Gen 37:28), y...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(17) Repeats Joseph’s own explanation, twice given, of the ways of Providence in his life (Genesis 45:5; Genesis 1:20).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
2. The terms to denote God's relation to His people increase in force: **"congregation"--**"purchased"--"redeemed"--"Zion," His dwelling.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Whose feet they hurt with fetters: he was laid in iron: he: Heb. his soul came into iron
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KJV Study Commentary
Joseph's feet were 'hurt with fetters' and he was 'laid in iron.' This describes his imprisonment's harsh reality. Yet this suffering was preparatory—the testing before exaltation. 'Hurt' (innah) suggests affliction and humiliation. Iron chains symbolize complete powerlessness. Yet God was present in Joseph's imprisonment, ultimately exalting him. Christ suffered bonds (John 18:12, 24) before His ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(18) **He was laid in iron.**—The Prayer Book Version, “the iron entered into his soul,” has established itself so firmly among expressive proverbial sayings, that the mind almost resents the Authorised Version. The grammar of the clause does not decide its sense with certainty; for its syntax is rather in favour of the Prayer Book Version, though the feminine form of the verb makes in favour of t...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3. Lift ... feet--**(Ge 29:1)--that is, Come (to behold) the desolations (Psa 73:19).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Until the time that his word came: the word of the LORD tried him.
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KJV Study Commentary
Joseph remained imprisoned 'until the time that his word came,' when 'the word of the LORD tried him.' The 'word' likely refers to Joseph's prophetic dreams (Gen 37:5-10) that eventually came true. God's word tested Joseph through delayed fulfillment. This trial purified and prepared him. God's promises aren't always immediately fulfilled but their delay serves divine purposes. Christ endured a te...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(19) **Until the time that his word came**—*i.e.*, until his (Joseph’s) interpretation of the dreams was fulfilled (Genesis 41:12). (For the expression “his word came,” equal to “came to pass,” comp. Judges 13:12.)
**Word of the** **Lord.**—As a different Hebrew word from that in the previous clause is used, better render, *saying *(or, *oracle*)* of Jehovah.*
**Tried him.**—Better, *purified him,...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**4. roar--**with bestial fury.
**congregations--**literally, "worshipping assemblies."
**ensigns--**literally, "signs"--substituted their idolatrous objects, or tokens of authority, for those articles of the temple which denoted God's presence.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →The king sent and loosed him; even the ruler of the people, and let him go free.
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KJV Study Commentary
The king sent and loosed Joseph, the 'ruler of the people let him go.' Pharaoh's release of Joseph demonstrates how God controls even pagan monarchs to accomplish His purposes. Joseph went from prisoner to prime minister instantly when God's timing arrived. Human authorities unknowingly serve God's plans. This prefigures Christ's exaltation after suffering (Phil 2:9-11). The Reformed doctrine of G...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
5-6. Though some terms and clauses here are very obscure, the general sense is that the spoilers destroyed the beauties of the temple with the violence of woodmen.
**was famous--**literally, "was known."
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →He made him lord of his house, and ruler of all his substance: substance: Heb. possession
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KJV Study Commentary
Pharaoh made Joseph 'lord of his house' and 'ruler of all his substance.' Complete authority was granted to the former prisoner. This dramatic reversal demonstrates God's ability to exalt the humble and faithful. Joseph became steward over Egypt's wealth and resources. This prefigures Christ's exaltation to God's right hand with all authority (Matt 28:18, Phil 2:9-11). The Reformed understanding o...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
5-6. Though some terms and clauses here are very obscure, the general sense is that the spoilers destroyed the beauties of the temple with the violence of woodmen.
**was famous--**literally, "was known."
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →To bind his princes at his pleasure; and teach his senators wisdom.
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KJV Study Commentary
Joseph could 'bind princes at his pleasure' and 'teach senators wisdom.' The former slave now commanded royalty and instructed elders. This complete role reversal shows God's sovereignty in exalting and abasing (1 Sam 2:7-8). Joseph's God-given wisdom (Gen 41:39) qualified him to teach Egypt's leaders. This anticipates Christ who, though rejected, will judge all (Matt 19:28, 25:31-46). The Reforme...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7. defiled--**or, "profaned," as in Psa 89:39.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
Israel (Jacob) 'came into Egypt' and Jacob 'sojourned in the land of Ham.' This transition sets up the Exodus narrative. What began as temporary sojourn (ger) became prolonged settlement, eventually leading to slavery. 'Ham' refers to Egypt through Noah's son Ham, father of Mizraim (Egypt, Gen 10:6). God's providence brought Israel to Egypt for preservation, growth, and ultimately for demonstratin...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8. together--**at once, all alike.
**synagogues--**literally, "assemblies," for places of assembly, whether such as schools of the prophets (2Ki 4:23), or "synagogues" in the usual sense, there is much doubt.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 8-23**
Let us remember the Redeemer's marvellous works, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth. Though true Christians are few number, strangers and pilgrims upon earth, yet a far better inheritance than Canaan is made sure to them by the covenant of God; and if we have the anointing of the Holy Spirit, none can do us any harm. Afflictions are among our mercies. They prove our fa...
Read full commentary →And he increased his people greatly; and made them stronger than their enemies.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
God 'increased his people greatly' and made them 'stronger than their enemies.' Israel's multiplication in Egypt fulfilled God's promise to Abraham (Gen 15:5). Their numerical growth occurred in hostile territory, demonstrating God's blessing despite opposition. Becoming 'stronger' (atsam) than Egyptians eventually threatened Pharaoh, leading to oppression. Yet this growth was necessary for nation...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**9. signs--**of God's presence, as altar, ark, &c. (compare Psa 74:4; 2Ch 36:18, 19; Da 5:2).
**no more any prophet--**(Is 3:2; Jr 40:1; 43:6).
**how long--**this is to last. Jeremiah's prophecy (Jr 25:11), if published, may not have been generally known or understood. To the bulk of the people, during the captivity, the occasional and local prophetical services of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and ...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal subtilly with his servants.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
God 'turned their heart to hate his people, to deal subtilly with his servants.' This startling verse attributes Egypt's hatred to God's sovereign action. He turned (haphak) their hearts, though they remained morally responsible. This demonstrates God's mysterious sovereignty over human hearts, using even human wickedness to accomplish His purposes. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart (Exod 9:12) fit...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(25) **Turned their** **heart**.—So the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart is throughout the historical narrative ascribed to Jehovah. (Comp. Isaiah 6:9-10; Mark 4:12, &c.)
**Deal subtilly.**—The reference is to the murdering of the male children (Exodus 1:10 : “Come and let us deal wisely with them”).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
10. (Compare Psa 31:1).
**how long ... reproach?--**us, as deserted of God.
**blaspheme thy name--**or, "perfections," as power, goodness, &c. (Psa 29:2).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He sent Moses his servant; and Aaron whom he had chosen.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
God 'sent Moses his servant' and 'Aaron whom he had chosen.' The divine initiative in sending deliverers emphasizes God's covenant faithfulness. Moses and Aaron didn't volunteer but were chosen and sent. Their commissioning (Exod 3-4) demonstrates God's sovereign election and calling. 'Servant' (ebed) and 'chosen' (bachar) emphasize their roles as God's appointed agents. Christ was similarly sent ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
11. Why cease to help us? (Compare Psa 3:7; 7:6; 60:5).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →They shewed his signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham. his: Heb. words of his signs
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
Moses and Aaron performed God's 'signs' (dibrei othot, literally 'words of signs') and 'wonders in the land of Ham.' The plagues demonstrated God's power over Egypt and its gods. 'Signs' pointed beyond themselves to God's authority and purpose. 'Wonders' (mophetim) induced awe. These miraculous demonstrations validated Moses' divine commission and revealed God's supremacy. Christ performed signs (...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(27) **They shewed.**—Literally, *They placed, i.e., *did.
**His signs.**—Literally (as in margin), *the words of his tokens; *but it may also be rendered, “the details of his signs.”(Comp. Psalm 65:3 : “matters of iniquity,” or, “details of sin.”) So here, “details of signs,” *i.e., *signs in detail or sequence, sign after sign.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12. For--**literally, "And," in an adversative sense.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his word.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
God 'sent darkness and made it dark' - the ninth plague. This reversed creation's first day when God said 'Let there be light.' Egypt experienced un-creation, demonstrating God's power to withdraw His common grace blessings. 'They rebelled not against his word' is difficult—most translations understand it as Moses and Aaron obeying, or possibly that even darkness obeyed God's command. Christ's cru...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(28) **Darkness.**—The enumeration of the plagues omits the fifth and sixth, and begins with the ninth, and appends a clause which, from the first, has troubled translators. Of whom is it said, “They rebelled not against his words”? Of the Egyptians it is not true; and to refer the words to Moses and Aaron, in contrast with their resistance to the Divine command at Massah and Meribah, is feeble. T...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
13-15. Examples of the "salvation wrought" are cited.
**divide the sea--**that is, Red Sea.
**brakest ... waters--**Pharaoh and his host (compare Is 51:9, 10; Eze 29:3, 4).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
God 'turned their waters into blood and slew their fish' - the first plague. Transforming the Nile, Egypt's lifeline, into blood demonstrated God's power over their primary resource. Killing fish destroyed food supply and made water undrinkable. This plague attacked Hapi, the Nile god, showing Yahweh's supremacy. Blood symbolized death and foreshadowed the Passover's substitutionary blood. Christ'...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(29) For the various terms used in describing the plagues, see Notes to the historical account in Exodus.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
13-15. Examples of the "salvation wrought" are cited.
**divide the sea--**that is, Red Sea.
**brakest ... waters--**Pharaoh and his host (compare Is 51:9, 10; Eze 29:3, 4).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →Their land brought forth frogs in abundance, in the chambers of their kings.
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KJV Study Commentary
This verse recounts the second plague upon Egypt (Exodus 8:1-15). The phrase 'their land brought forth' uses the Hebrew <em>sharats</em> (שָׁרַץ), meaning to swarm or teem, emphasizing the abundance and pervasiveness of the plague. The frogs invaded even 'the chambers of their kings,' demonstrating that no Egyptian, not even Pharaoh, was exempt from God's judgment. This plague directly challenged ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
13-15. Examples of the "salvation wrought" are cited.
**divide the sea--**that is, Red Sea.
**brakest ... waters--**Pharaoh and his host (compare Is 51:9, 10; Eze 29:3, 4).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He spake, and there came divers sorts of flies, and lice in all their coasts.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse combines the fourth plague (flies, Exodus 8:20-32) and the third plague (lice, Exodus 8:16-19). The phrase 'He spake' emphasizes the power of God's word—His mere command brings judgment. The Hebrew <em>amar</em> (אָמַר) for 'spake' parallels creation language ('God said, and it was so'), showing that the same word that creates can also judge. 'Divers sorts of flies' translates <em>arov<...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
16-17. The fixed orders of nature and bounds of earth are of God.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land. them: Heb. their rain hail
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
The seventh plague (hail, Exodus 9:22-26) is recounted here. The Hebrew emphasizes the transformation: instead of rain (blessing), God gave hail (judgment). 'Flaming fire' refers to lightning mingled with hail, creating an unprecedented supernatural storm. This plague challenged Nut (sky goddess), Shu (air god), and Tefnut (moisture goddess). The agricultural devastation demonstrated God's authori...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
16-17. The fixed orders of nature and bounds of earth are of God.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He smote their vines also and their fig trees; and brake the trees of their coasts.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse continues describing the hail plague's devastation. Vines and fig trees represented Egypt's agricultural wealth and stability. The verb 'smote' (<em>nakah</em>, נָכָה) means to strike, beat, or destroy—the same word used for divine judgment throughout Scripture. 'Brake' translates <em>shabar</em> (שָׁבַר), meaning to shatter or break in pieces. The completeness of destruction ('trees of...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**18. (Compare Psa 74:10; De 32:6). The contrast is striking--**that such a God should be thus insulted!
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He spake, and the locusts came, and caterpillers, and that without number,
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
The eighth plague (locusts, Exodus 10:1-20) is described. 'He spake' again emphasizes divine word-power. The locusts came in unprecedented numbers ('without number'), representing total devastation. 'Caterpillers' (<em>yelek</em>, יֶלֶק) refers to young locusts or grasshoppers, indicating multiple life stages attacking crops. This plague challenged Anubis (god of fields) and Osiris (god of crops)....
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(34) **Caterpillars.**—To the locust, *‘aarbeh, *alone mentioned in Exodus, the psalmist adds, as a poetical synonym to suit his parallelism, caterpillar (*yelek*)*, *a word occurring in Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; Nahum 3:15; Jeremiah 51:14; Jeremiah 51:27. By derivation the word means “licker” (comp. Numbers 22:4), and is possibly used in a wide or general sense for insects of the locust kind. (See *Bi...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**19. multitude--**literally, "beast," their flock or company of men (Psa 68:10).
**turtledove--**that is, the meek and lonely Church.
**congregation--**literally, "the company," as above--thus the Church is represented as the spoiled and defeated remnant of an army, exposed to violence.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →And did eat up all the herbs in their land, and devoured the fruit of their ground.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse describes the comprehensive devastation of the locust plague. 'Did eat up' and 'devoured' emphasize total consumption—nothing was left. 'All the herbs' and 'fruit of their ground' means every green thing was destroyed. This fulfilled the covenant curse of Deuteronomy 28:38, 42. The agricultural obliteration left Egypt facing famine, forcing dependence on stored grain (which Joseph had w...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
20. And the prevalence of injustice in heathen lands is a reason for invoking God's regard to His promise (compare Nu 14:21; Psa 7:16; 18:48).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
The tenth and final plague (death of firstborn, Exodus 11:1-12:30) is the climactic judgment. 'Smote' (<em>nakah</em>) again emphasizes divine striking. 'All the firstborn' shows comprehensive judgment—no Egyptian household was exempt. 'Chief of all their strength' (<em>reshit</em>, רֵאשִׁית, 'firstfruits') emphasizes these were the heirs, the future of Egypt. This plague directly challenged Phara...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(36) See Psalm 78:51.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**21. oppressed--**broken (Psa 9:9).
**return--**from seeking God.
**ashamed--**(Psa 35:4).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and there was not one feeble person among their tribes.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse describes the exodus itself. 'Brought them forth' uses <em>yatsa</em> (יָצָא), meaning to go out or come forth—the same root as 'exodus.' The 'silver and gold' refers to Exodus 12:35-36, where Israelites asked for and received wealth from Egyptians. This was not theft but rightful payment for 400 years of slavery, fulfilling God's promise in Genesis 15:14. 'Not one feeble person' emphas...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(37) **Feeble person.**—Literally, *stumbling. *(Comp. Isaiah 5:27 : “None shall be weary or *stumble *among them,” *i.e., *none unfit for the march and military duty.)
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
22-23. (Compare Psa 3:7; 7:6). God hears the wicked to their own ruin (Ge 4:10; 18:20).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell upon them.
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KJV Study Commentary
This verse reveals Egypt's perspective on Israel's departure. 'Egypt was glad' shows the reversal: the oppressor nation rejoiced to see the oppressed leave. 'The fear of them fell upon them' explains why—God had placed supernatural dread of Israel upon the Egyptians. This phrase uses <em>pachad</em> (פַּחַד), meaning terror or dread. This fulfilled God's promise to send fear before Israel (Exodus ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
22-23. (Compare Psa 3:7; 7:6). God hears the wicked to their own ruin (Ge 4:10; 18:20).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He spread a cloud for a covering; and fire to give light in the night.
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KJV Study Commentary
This verse transitions from exodus to wilderness wandering, describing God's guidance. The 'cloud' refers to the pillar of cloud by day and pillar of fire by night (Exodus 13:21-22). 'Spread' (<em>paras</em>, פָּרַשׂ) means to spread out like a covering or screen, emphasizing protection from the desert sun. The fire provided light for nighttime travel and protection from predators. These pillars m...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(39) **Cloud.**—As in Isaiah 4:5. The reason assigned for the cloud in the historical books is lost sight of. Instead of a pillar marking the line of march, or as a protection against the pursuing foe, it is a canopy for protection from the sun. Sir Walter Scott expresses the same idea in Rebecca’s hymn.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →The people asked, and he brought quails, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven.
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KJV Study Commentary
This verse recounts God's provision of quail and manna (Exodus 16; Numbers 11:31-32). 'The people asked' shows God's response to their grumbling. The quail provided meat, while 'bread of heaven' refers to manna. The Hebrew <em>lechem shamayim</em> (לֶחֶם שָׁמָיִם) literally means 'bread from heaven,' emphasizing its miraculous origin. 'Satisfied' (<em>saba</em>, שָׂבַע) means to be filled or sated...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
PSALM 75 Psa 75:1-10. Al-taschith--(See on Psa 57:1, title). In impending danger, the Psalmist, anticipating relief in view of God's righteous government, takes courage and renders praise.
1. God's name or perfections are set forth by His wondrous works.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river.
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse recounts the water from the rock at Horeb (Exodus 17:1-7) and later at Kadesh (Numbers 20:1-13). 'He opened the rock' uses <em>pathach</em> (פָּתַח), meaning to open or split. 'Waters gushed out' (<em>zarab</em>, זָרַב) means to flow or stream forth abundantly. The waters 'ran in the dry places like a river' shows the abundance and continuity of supply. Paul identifies this rock as a ty...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(41) **Rock.**—The Hebrew *tsûr *refers us to the miracle at Horeb.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
2-3. These verses express the purpose of God to administer a just government, and in a time of anarchy that He sustains the nation. Some apply the words to the Psalmist.
**receive the congregation--**literally, "take a set time" (Psa 102:13; Ho 2:3), or an assembly at a set time--that is, for judging.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →For he remembered his holy promise, and Abraham his servant.
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse provides the theological foundation for all God's actions: covenant faithfulness. 'He remembered' (<em>zakar</em>, זָכַר) doesn't imply God forgot but means He acted according to His commitment. 'His holy promise' refers to the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 12:1-3; 15:1-21; 17:1-8). 'Abraham his servant' emphasizes the covenant relationship—God binds Himself by oath to fulfill promises to...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
2-3. These verses express the purpose of God to administer a just government, and in a time of anarchy that He sustains the nation. Some apply the words to the Psalmist.
**receive the congregation--**literally, "take a set time" (Psa 102:13; Ho 2:3), or an assembly at a set time--that is, for judging.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →And he brought forth his people with joy, and his chosen with gladness: gladness: Heb. singing
View commentary (4 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse describes the emotional character of the exodus. 'With joy' and 'with gladness' emphasize the celebration of redemption. The Hebrew <em>sason</em> (שָׂשׂוֹן, 'joy') and <em>rinnah</em> (רִנָּה, 'gladness/singing') suggest exuberant, vocal celebration. 'His people' and 'his chosen' are covenant terms emphasizing God's electing love (Deuteronomy 7:6-8). Though Israel left as former slaves...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(43) **Gladness.**—Better, *singing. *Alluding, possibly, to Miriam’s song on the shore of the Red Sea.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
4-8. Here the writer speaks in view of God's declaration, warning the wicked.
**Lift ... up the horn--**to exalt power, here, of the wicked himself--that is, to be arrogant or self-elated.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →And gave them the lands of the heathen: and they inherited the labour of the people;
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse describes the conquest of Canaan under Joshua. 'Gave them the lands of the heathen' refers to God's gift of the Promised Land, fulfilling the Abrahamic covenant. 'They inherited the labour of the people' means Israel received established cities, vineyards, and olive groves they didn't build or plant (Deuteronomy 6:10-11). This demonstrates grace: unmerited inheritance of blessings. The ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
4-8. Here the writer speaks in view of God's declaration, warning the wicked.
**Lift ... up the horn--**to exalt power, here, of the wicked himself--that is, to be arrogant or self-elated.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws. Praise ye the LORD. Praise: Heb. Hallelujah
View commentary (3 sources)
KJV Study Commentary
This verse reveals the purpose of redemption: covenant obedience. 'That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws' shows that salvation is not an end in itself but the means to holy living. The Hebrew <em>shamar</em> (שָׁמַר, 'keep') means to guard, watch over, or give careful attention to. Israel was redeemed from Egypt not merely for freedom but for service to God. This refutes antinomi...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
4-8. Here the writer speaks in view of God's declaration, warning the wicked.
**Lift ... up the horn--**to exalt power, here, of the wicked himself--that is, to be arrogant or self-elated.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 24-45**
As the believer commonly thrives best in his soul when under the cross; so the church also flourishes most in true holiness, and increases in number, while under persecution. Yet instruments shall be raised up for their deliverance, and plagues may be expected by persecutors. And see the special care God took of his people in the wilderness. All the benefits bestowed on Israel...
Read full commentary →