King James Version

What Does Matthew 18:13 Mean?

Matthew 18:13 in the King James Version says “And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you , he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you , he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray.

Matthew 18:13 · KJV


Context

11

For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost.

12

How think ye? if a man have an hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray?

13

And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you , he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray.

14

Even so it is not the will of your Father which is in heaven, that one of these little ones should perish.

15

Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you, he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray. Jesus's parable of the lost sheep climaxes with this stunning statement about divine joy. The conditional "if so be" (ἐὰν γένηται, ean genētai, "if it happens") acknowledges the search's uncertainty, yet the shepherd persists. When he "find it" (εὕρῃ, heurē), the verb implies successful search after diligent effort—not accidental discovery but purposeful rescue.

"He rejoiceth more" (χαίρει... μᾶλλον, chairei... mallon) describes disproportionate joy—not equal celebration but greater joy over one recovered than ninety-nine safe. This offends human calculation but reveals God's heart. The safe sheep matter, but the shepherd's joy intensifies over the one rescued from danger. This doesn't diminish the ninety-nine's value but highlights recovery's special cause for celebration. The verb χαίρει (rejoices) appears in present tense—ongoing, exuberant joy.

"Than of the ninety and nine which went not astray" (ἢ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα τοῖς μὴ πεπλανημένοις, ē epi tois enenēkonta ennea tois mē peplanēmenois) contrasts the wandering one with those who "have not gone astray." The verb πλανάω (planaō) means to wander, go astray, be deceived—describing both physical wandering and spiritual error. This parable teaches God's passionate pursuit of the lost, His joy over repentance (Luke 15:7, 10), and the infinite value of every individual soul. Each person matters supremely to God; none is expendable or insignificant.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This parable appears in Matthew's discourse on church relationships and discipline (Matthew 18), providing theological foundation for pursuing straying members. Luke's parallel (15:3-7) sets it in context of Pharisees criticizing Jesus for receiving sinners. Both contexts reveal God's character: He actively seeks the lost rather than waiting passively. Ancient Near Eastern shepherding involved personal knowledge of each sheep and willingness to risk danger for any that wandered.

The parable addresses the "little ones" (v. 6, 10, 14)—weak believers susceptible to stumbling. The Father's will is "that one of these little ones should perish" (v. 14). Church discipline (v. 15-20) aims at restoration, not merely punishment—pursuing wanderers like the shepherd pursues lost sheep. The early church applied this by excommunicating the unrepentant while praying for their return (1 Corinthians 5:5). The Reformers emphasized God's electing grace that ensures He will recover His chosen sheep—none will be lost (John 6:39, 10:27-29).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's disproportionate joy over recovering one lost sinner challenge your perspective on evangelism and church discipline?
  2. What does this parable teach about the proper balance between caring for the faithful majority and pursuing the straying minority?
  3. How should the certainty that the Good Shepherd will find His sheep affect your assurance of salvation and perseverance?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 20 words
καὶ1 of 20

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐὰν2 of 20

if so

G1437

a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty

γένηται3 of 20

be

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

εὑρεῖν4 of 20

that he find

G2147

to find (literally or figuratively)

αὐτῷ5 of 20

it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἀμὴν6 of 20

verily

G281

properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)

λέγω7 of 20

I say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ὑμῖν8 of 20

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

ὅτι9 of 20
G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

χαίρει10 of 20

he rejoiceth

G5463

to be "cheer"ful, i.e., calmly happy or well-off; impersonally, especially as salutation (on meeting or parting), be well

ἐπὶ11 of 20

of

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

αὐτῷ12 of 20

it

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

μᾶλλον13 of 20

more

G3123

(adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather

14 of 20

sheep than

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

ἐπὶ15 of 20

of

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τοῖς16 of 20

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐννενηκονταεννέα17 of 20

the ninety and nine

G1768

ninety-nine

τοῖς18 of 20

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μὴ19 of 20

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

πεπλανημένοις20 of 20

astray

G4105

to (properly, cause to) roam (from safety, truth, or virtue)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 18:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 18:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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