About Acts

Acts records the birth and growth of the church through the power of the Holy Spirit from Jerusalem to Rome.

Author: LukeWritten: c. AD 62-64Reading time: ~4 minVerses: 35
Holy SpiritWitnessChurch GrowthMissionPersecutionUnity

King James Version

Acts 23

35 verses with commentary

Paul Before the Council

And Paul, earnestly beholding the council, said, Men and brethren, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's claim to have lived 'in all good conscience before God' doesn't mean sinless perfection but rather integrity in following known truth. Even as persecutor of Christians, Paul acted according to his understanding of God's will (1 Timothy 1:13). This demonstrates that conscience must be informed by Scripture and Spirit, as sincerity alone doesn't guarantee correctness.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**XXIII.** (1) **And Paul, earnestly beholding the council.**—We note once more the characteristic word for the eager anxious gaze with which St. Paul scanned the assembly. He had not seen it since he had stood there among Stephen’s accusers, a quarter of a century ago. Many changes, of course, had come about in that interval, but some of the faces were probably the same; and at all events the gen...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 23 Chapter Outline Paul's defence before the council of the Jews.(1-5) Paul's defence. He receives a Divine assurance that he shall go to Rome.(6-11) The Jews conspire to kill Paul, Lysias sends him to Cesarea.(12-24) Lysias's letter to Felix.(25-35) **Verses 1-5** See here the character of an honest man. He sets God before him, and lives as in his sight. He makes...
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And the high priest Ananias commanded them that stood by him to smite him on the mouth.

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KJV Study Commentary

Ananias's command to strike Paul on the mouth violated Jewish law requiring fair hearing before judgment (Leviticus 19:15). This illegal violence revealed the Sanhedrin's corruption and prejudice. The high priest, who should have modeled righteousness, instead demonstrated the moral bankruptcy of the religious establishment that had rejected the Messiah.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **The high priest Ananias.**—See Note on Acts 22:5. The son of Nebedæus was conspicuous for his cruelty and injustice, and had been sent to Rome as a prisoner to take his trial before Claudius (A.D. 52). He had been acquitted, or at least released, and had returned to Judæa. To him this assertion of a life so utterly unlike his own seemed almost like a personal insult. He fitted the cap, and r...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 23 Chapter Outline Paul's defence before the council of the Jews.(1-5) Paul's defence. He receives a Divine assurance that he shall go to Rome.(6-11) The Jews conspire to kill Paul, Lysias sends him to Cesarea.(12-24) Lysias's letter to Felix.(25-35) **Verses 1-5** See here the character of an honest man. He sets God before him, and lives as in his sight. He makes...
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Then said Paul unto him, God shall smite thee, thou whited wall: for sittest thou to judge me after the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law?

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's rebuke - 'God shall smite thee, thou whited wall' - echoed Jesus's condemnation of hypocritical leaders (Matthew 23:27). The charge of sitting to judge 'after the law' while commanding to strike Paul 'contrary to the law' exposed stunning hypocrisy. Paul's righteous anger at injustice, especially when cloaked in religious authority, reflected Jesus's own confrontations with corrupt leaders.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **God shall smite thee, thou whited wall.**—The phrase is interesting as showing either that our Lord, in likening the Pharisees to “whitened sepulchers” (see Notes on Matthew 23:27; Luke 11:44), had used a proverbial comparison, or else, as seems equally probable, that it had become proverbial among His disciples as having been so used by Him. The whole utterance must be regarded by St. Paul’...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 23 Chapter Outline Paul's defence before the council of the Jews.(1-5) Paul's defence. He receives a Divine assurance that he shall go to Rome.(6-11) The Jews conspire to kill Paul, Lysias sends him to Cesarea.(12-24) Lysias's letter to Felix.(25-35) **Verses 1-5** See here the character of an honest man. He sets God before him, and lives as in his sight. He makes...
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And they that stood by said, Revilest thou God's high priest?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Revilest thou God's high priest?</strong> (λοιδορεῖς, <em>loidoreis</em>, to insult/revile)—The bystanders rebuked Paul for calling Ananias a 'whited wall' (v. 3), considering this disrespectful to the high priest's office. Their question appeals to religious propriety even while tolerating judicial injustice—Ananias had ordered Paul struck illegally, violating Roman and Jewish law by puni...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 23 Chapter Outline Paul's defence before the council of the Jews.(1-5) Paul's defence. He receives a Divine assurance that he shall go to Rome.(6-11) The Jews conspire to kill Paul, Lysias sends him to Cesarea.(12-24) Lysias's letter to Felix.(25-35) **Verses 1-5** See here the character of an honest man. He sets God before him, and lives as in his sight. He makes...
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Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest</strong>—Paul's statement 'I did not know' (οὐκ ᾔδειν, <em>ouk edein</em>) has sparked much discussion. Perhaps Paul had poor eyesight (Galatians 4:15), or Ananias wasn't wearing high priestly garments, or Paul spoke ironically ('I didn't recognize behavior so corrupt as befitting a high priest'). Regardless, Paul immediately submitted to S...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **I wist not, brethren, that he was the** high priest.—These words admit of three different explanations:—(1) We may take them as stating that St. Paul, either from defective sight (see Notes on Acts 9:18; Acts 14:9), or because the high priest was not sitting as president of the Sanhedrin, literally did not know who it was that had given the order, and thought it came from one of the subordin...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 23 Chapter Outline Paul's defence before the council of the Jews.(1-5) Paul's defence. He receives a Divine assurance that he shall go to Rome.(6-11) The Jews conspire to kill Paul, Lysias sends him to Cesarea.(12-24) Lysias's letter to Felix.(25-35) **Verses 1-5** See here the character of an honest man. He sets God before him, and lives as in his sight. He makes...
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But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's strategic declaration - 'I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question' - brilliantly divided the council. This wasn't deception but highlighting how the real issue centered on resurrection, Christianity's core claim. By identifying with Pharisees against Sadducees, Paul created allies and exposed that opposition to Christianity was...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees . . .**—We recognise the same parties in the council as there had been twenty-five years before. Whether they sat in groups on different sides, after the manner of the Government and Opposition benches in the House of Commons, or whether St. Paul recognised the faces of individual teachers of each sect with whom he had formerly been ac...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-11** The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Divine revelation; they denied a future state; they had neither hope of eternal happiness, nor dread of eternal misery. When called in question for his being a Christian, Paul might truly say he was called in question for the hope of the resurrection of the dead. It w...
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And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees: and the multitude was divided.

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KJV Study Commentary

The 'great dissension' that arose demonstrates how fundamental theology divides more than peripheral issues. The resurrection question wasn't academic but touched the heart of God's redemptive plan. Paul's statement created chaos not through manipulation but by highlighting the central issue - whether God raises the dead and thus whether Jesus's resurrection validated His messianic claims.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **There arose a dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees.**—As a strategic act St. Paul’s words had immediately the effect which he desired. They prevented the hasty unanimous vote which might otherwise have united the two parties, as they had been united in the case of Stephen, in the condemnation of the blasphemer. What follows shows that it was not without results as regards the h...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-41. when the town-clerk--**keeper of the public archives, and a magistrate of great authority. **had appeased--**"calmed." **the people--**"the multitude," which the very presence of such an officer would go far to do. **he said ... what man ... knoweth not that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana--**literally, the neocoros or "warden." The word means "t...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-11** The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Divine revelation; they denied a future state; they had neither hope of eternal happiness, nor dread of eternal misery. When called in question for his being a Christian, Paul might truly say he was called in question for the hope of the resurrection of the dead. It w...
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For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit: but the Pharisees confess both.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel, nor spirit</strong>—Luke summarizes the rationalistic theology of the Sadducean party, who accepted only the Pentateuch and rejected oral tradition. Denying resurrection (ἀνάστασις, <em>anastasis</em>), angels (ἄγγελος, <em>aggelos</em>), and spirits (πνεῦμα, <em>pneuma</em>) represented materialistic worldview limiting re...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **The Sadducees say that there is no resurrection.**—On the general teaching of the Sadducees, see Note on Matthew 22:23. Their denial of the existence of angels and spirits seems at first inconsistent with the known facts that they acknowledged the divine authority of the Pentateuch, which contains so many narratives of angelophanies, and were more severe than others in their administration o...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-11** The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Divine revelation; they denied a future state; they had neither hope of eternal happiness, nor dread of eternal misery. When called in question for his being a Christian, Paul might truly say he was called in question for the hope of the resurrection of the dead. It w...
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And there arose a great cry: and the scribes that were of the Pharisees' part arose, and strove, saying, We find no evil in this man: but if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him, let us not fight against God.

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KJV Study Commentary

The Pharisees' partial defense - 'We find no evil in this man' - represented limited progress. Their concession that perhaps 'a spirit or an angel' spoke to Paul (referencing Acts 22:6-10) acknowledged supernatural possibility while avoiding Jesus's lordship. This demonstrates how people may accept elements of truth without embracing its full implications.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Let us not fight against God.**—If we could receive these words as part of the original text, they would be a singularly characteristic reproduction of the counsel of St. Paul’s master (Acts 5:39). They are, however, wanting in many of the best MSS. and versions, and were apparently added to complete the sentence which St. Luke had left in the emphasis of its unfinished abruptness. Possibly ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 20 Ac 20:1-12. Paul Fulfils His Purpose of Proceeding Again to Macedonia and Greece--Returning Thence, on His Route for Jerusalem, He Revisits Philippi and Troas--His Ministrations at Troas. This section of the apostle's life, though peculiarly rich in material, is related with great brevity in the History. Its details must be culled from his own Epistles. **1-2. departed--**after Pent...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-11** The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Divine revelation; they denied a future state; they had neither hope of eternal happiness, nor dread of eternal misery. When called in question for his being a Christian, Paul might truly say he was called in question for the hope of the resurrection of the dead. It w...
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And when there arose a great dissension, the chief captain, fearing lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces of them, commanded the soldiers to go down, and to take him by force from among them, and to bring him into the castle.

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KJV Study Commentary

The violence grew so intense that the chief captain feared Paul would be 'pulled in pieces' by the disputing parties. Roman military intervention again preserved Paul's life, demonstrating how God uses secular authority to protect His servants. The Greek 'diaspao' (torn asunder) suggests Paul faced literal dismemberment from the frenzied religious leaders.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **The chief captain, fearing . . .**—We may well believe that the priest who had been rebuked as a “whited wall” would not willingly forego his revenge. He, and the Sadducees generally, would now be able to assume the position of being more devoted defenders of the Law and of the Temple than the Pharisees themselves. The fear of the chiliarch was naturally heightened by his knowledge that he ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 20 Ac 20:1-12. Paul Fulfils His Purpose of Proceeding Again to Macedonia and Greece--Returning Thence, on His Route for Jerusalem, He Revisits Philippi and Troas--His Ministrations at Troas. This section of the apostle's life, though peculiarly rich in material, is related with great brevity in the History. Its details must be culled from his own Epistles. **1-2. departed--**after Pent...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-11** The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Divine revelation; they denied a future state; they had neither hope of eternal happiness, nor dread of eternal misery. When called in question for his being a Christian, Paul might truly say he was called in question for the hope of the resurrection of the dead. It w...
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And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.

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KJV Study Commentary

Jesus's personal appearance - 'the Lord stood by him' - provided crucial encouragement when Paul needed it most. Christ's affirmation that Paul had 'testified of me in Jerusalem' validated his efforts despite apparent failure. The promise 'so must thou bear witness also at Rome' revealed God's sovereign plan and assured Paul his life would be preserved for this purpose.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **Be of good cheer, Paul.**—The day had been one of strange excitement, and most have roused many anxieties. Personal fear as to suffering or death he was, more than most men, free from; but was his work to be cut short? Was he to fall a victim to the malice of the Jews? Was the desire, which he had cherished for many years, to preach the gospel in the great capital of the empire (Romans 1:13...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. And there abode three months--**Though the province only is here mentioned, it is the city of Corinth that is meant, as the province of "Macedonia" (Ac 20:1) meant the city of Philippi. Some rough work he anticipated on his arrival at Corinth (2Co 10:1-8, 11; 13:1-10) though he had reason to expect satisfaction on the whole; and as we know there were other churches in Achaia besides that at C...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 6-11** The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Divine revelation; they denied a future state; they had neither hope of eternal happiness, nor dread of eternal misery. When called in question for his being a Christian, Paul might truly say he was called in question for the hope of the resurrection of the dead. It w...
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A Plot to Kill Paul

And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together , and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul. under a curse: or, with an oath of execration

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KJV Study Commentary

The conspiracy formed 'when it was day' shows the plotters' immediate and determined hatred. Their binding oath to 'eat nothing until they had killed Paul' demonstrated fanatical zeal that valued murder over self-preservation. This echoes Jesus's warning about those who 'kill you, thinking they do God service' (John 16:2), showing how religious extremism corrupts moral judgment.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Certain of the Jews banded together . . .**—The casuistry of the more fanatic Jews led them to the conclusion that a blasphemer or apostate was an outlaw, and that, in the absence of any judicial condemnation, private persons might take on themselves the execution of the divine sentence. So, they may have argued, Mattathias, the founder of the Maccabean dynasty, had slain the apostate Jew w...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-5. there accompanied him into Asia--**the province of Asia. **Sopater of Berea--**The true reading, beyond doubt, is, "Sopater [the son] of Pyrrhus of Berea." Some think this mention of his father was to distinguish him from Sosipater (the same name in fuller form), mentioned in Ro 16:21. But that they were the same person seems more probable. **of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus--**(See on...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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And they were more than forty which had made this conspiracy.

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KJV Study Commentary

The conspiracy involved 'more than forty men,' showing organized opposition to Paul and the gospel. This wasn't spontaneous anger but coordinated plotting by a significant group willing to murder and break civil law. The specific number suggests Luke's access to detailed information, perhaps through Paul's nephew (verse 16) or other sources within the Jewish community.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-5. there accompanied him into Asia--**the province of Asia. **Sopater of Berea--**The true reading, beyond doubt, is, "Sopater [the son] of Pyrrhus of Berea." Some think this mention of his father was to distinguish him from Sosipater (the same name in fuller form), mentioned in Ro 16:21. But that they were the same person seems more probable. **of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus--**(See on...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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And they came to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have bound ourselves under a great curse, that we will eat nothing until we have slain Paul.

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KJV Study Commentary

The conspirators sought the chief priests' and elders' cooperation, revealing corruption at the highest levels of Jewish leadership. These religious authorities were willing to enable murder through deception, showing how institutional religion can become utterly corrupt when it rejects divine truth. Their participation in assassination plans while maintaining religious appearance epitomizes hypoc...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **They came to the chief priests and elders.**—It will be remembered that the high priest Ananias had already shown the rough brutality of his nature in his treatment of St. Paul, and was now, we can scarcely doubt, impelled by the spirit of revenge. It lies on the surface that those to whom the conspirators went were the Sadducean party in the Council, not the more moderate and cautious Phar...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4-5. there accompanied him into Asia--**the province of Asia. **Sopater of Berea--**The true reading, beyond doubt, is, "Sopater [the son] of Pyrrhus of Berea." Some think this mention of his father was to distinguish him from Sosipater (the same name in fuller form), mentioned in Ro 16:21. But that they were the same person seems more probable. **of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus--**(See on...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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Now therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain that he bring him down unto you to morrow, as though ye would enquire something more perfectly concerning him: and we, or ever he come near, are ready to kill him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain</strong>—Over forty men conspired with Sanhedrin members to murder Paul under pretense of further inquiry (v. 12-14). The verb <em>emphanisate</em> (make clear/inform) shows their plan required official cooperation. <strong>As though ye would enquire something more perfectly</strong> (ἀκριβέστερον, <em>akribesteron</em>, more a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Now therefore ye with the council . . .**—The plot was necessary, either (1) because the Sanhedrin had lost, under Roman rule, its power to inflict capital punishment (see Notes on Acts 7:59; John 18:31); or (2) because, even if they possessed that power, the chiliarch was not likely to allow its exercise in the case of a Roman citizen; or (3) because the experience of the previous day had ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together--**This, compared with 1Co 16:2, and other similar allusions, plainly indicates that the Christian observance of the day afterwards distinctly called "the Lord's Day," was already a fixed practice of the churches. **Paul preached--**discoursed. The tense implies continued action--"kept discoursing."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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And when Paul's sister's son heard of their lying in wait, he went and entered into the castle, and told Paul.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's nephew's discovery of the plot demonstrates God's providential protection through natural means. The detail that Paul's sister's son 'heard of their lying in wait' suggests either divine revelation or the young man's access to Jewish circles discussing the conspiracy. God's sovereignty orchestrated protection through family connections and timely intelligence.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **Paul’s sister’s son.**—The passage is note worthy as being the only reference to any of St. Paul’s relations in the Acts. The fact that St. Paul lodged with Mnason, as far as it goes, suggests the probability that neither the sister nor the nephew resided permanently in Jerusalem. We do not even know whether they were members of the Christian society, though this may, perhaps, be inferred f...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. there were many lights in the upper chamber--**not a mere piece of graphic detail by an eye-witness [Hackett, Howson], but mentioned, probably, as increasing the heat and contributing to drowsiness [Webster and Wilkinson], as the next clause seems to show.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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Then Paul called one of the centurions unto him, and said, Bring this young man unto the chief captain: for he hath a certain thing to tell him.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's request to bring his nephew to the chief captain shows wisdom in using proper channels rather than attempting escape or taking matters into his own hands. His calm cooperation with Roman authority, even while imprisoned, demonstrates trust in God's providence working through established systems. This contrasts sharply with the conspirators' violent lawlessness.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. in a--**"the." **window--**or window seat, or recess. **fell down from the third loft--**"story." **and was taken up dead--**"The window projected (according to the side of the room where it was situated) either over the street or over the interior court; so that in either case he fell on the hard earth or pavement below."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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So he took him, and brought him to the chief captain, and said, Paul the prisoner called me unto him, and prayed me to bring this young man unto thee, who hath something to say unto thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Paul the prisoner called me unto him</strong>—Despite chains, Paul retained relational influence and strategic awareness. The young man was Paul's nephew (v. 16), showing Paul's family connections in Jerusalem. That Paul summoned him (προσκαλέω, <em>proskaleō</em>) indicates Paul had freedom to receive visitors even under custody. <strong>Prayed me to bring this young man unto thee</strong...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Paul the** **prisoner . . .**—We may well believe that at the time he little thought how long that name would be used of him, first by others and then by himself, until it became as a title of honour in which he seemed to glory almost more than in that of Apostle. (Comp. Ephesians 3:1; Ephesians 4:1; Philemon 1:1; Philemon 1:9.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10-12. Paul ... fell on him--**like Elisha (2Ki 4:34). **his life is in him--**now restored; compare Mr 5:39.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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Then the chief captain took him by the hand, and went with him aside privately , and asked him, What is that thou hast to tell me?

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KJV Study Commentary

The chief captain's personal attention - taking the young man 'by the hand' and asking privately - shows respect and prudence. His willingness to hear information from a young Jewish man demonstrates Roman professional competence in gathering intelligence. This private inquiry protected both the informant and the investigation, showing wisdom in handling sensitive information.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10-12. Paul ... fell on him--**like Elisha (2Ki 4:34). **his life is in him--**now restored; compare Mr 5:39.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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And he said, The Jews have agreed to desire thee that thou wouldest bring down Paul to morrow into the council, as though they would enquire somewhat of him more perfectly.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's nephew reveals the conspiracy, stating <strong>The Jews have agreed to desire thee</strong>—using the Greek <em>synethento</em> (συνέθεντο), meaning 'they covenanted together,' implying a formal pact. The phrase <strong>as though they would enquire somewhat of him more perfectly</strong> exposes the deceptive pretense of legal inquiry masking murderous intent. This echoes the Jewish leaders...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10-12. Paul ... fell on him--**like Elisha (2Ki 4:34). **his life is in him--**now restored; compare Mr 5:39.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

The nephew warns <strong>there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men</strong>, describing an <em>anathema</em> (ἀνάθεμα) oath: <strong>bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him</strong>. This self-cursing vow invoked divine judgment if unfulfilled—a practice rooted in Numbers 30 and Deuteronomy 23. The conspirators' fanaticism mirrors l...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ac 20:13-38. Continuing His Route to Jerusalem He Reaches Miletus, Whence He Sends for the Elders of Ephesus--His Farewell Address to Them. **13-14. we ... sailed--**from Troas. **unto Assos; there ... to take in Paul: for so had he appointed, minding himself to go afoot--**"to go by land." (See on Mr 6:33). In sailing southward from Troas to Assos, one has to round Cape Lecture, and keeping du...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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So the chief captain then let the young man depart, and charged him, See thou tell no man that thou hast shewed these things to me.

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KJV Study Commentary

Claudius Lysias <strong>charged him, See thou tell no man that thou hast shewed these things to me</strong>—the Greek <em>medeni eklaleo</em> (μηδενὶ ἐκλαλήσῃς) means 'tell absolutely no one.' This operational security protected both Paul and the rescue plan from compromise. The commander's swift, decisive action reveals Roman military efficiency and his growing conviction that Paul deserved prote...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **So the chief captain.**—The chiliarch is obviously glad of the intelligence. His sympathies are clearly with St. Paul personally as against the high priest and his followers. He welcomes an opportunity for showing his zeal for the safe-keeping of a Roman citizen, and for making a statement of the whole transaction from his own point of view. With true official caution he treats the communic...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ac 20:13-38. Continuing His Route to Jerusalem He Reaches Miletus, Whence He Sends for the Elders of Ephesus--His Farewell Address to Them. **13-14. we ... sailed--**from Troas. **unto Assos; there ... to take in Paul: for so had he appointed, minding himself to go afoot--**"to go by land." (See on Mr 6:33). In sailing southward from Troas to Assos, one has to round Cape Lecture, and keeping du...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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Paul Sent to Felix

And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night;

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KJV Study Commentary

The massive military escort - 200 soldiers, 70 horsemen, and 200 spearmen (470 total) - reveals Roman determination to prevent Paul's assassination. This overwhelming force for one prisoner demonstrates both the conspiracy's seriousness and Roman commitment to justice for citizens. God's providence used Roman military might to preserve Paul for his appointed testimony in Rome.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **Spearmen two hundred . . .**—Literally, *right hand graspers.* The word was a strictly technical one, and seems to have been applied to those light armed troops who carried a light spear or javelin in their right hands, as contrasted with those who carried the old spear, with a heavier shaft, which had to be wielded by both. They are coupled by the military writers of the Byzantine empire w...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15-16. came the next day over against Chios--**now Scio: one of the most beautiful of those islands between which and the coast the sail is so charming. They appear not to have touched at it. **next day we arrived--**"touched" or "put in." **at Samos--**another island coming quite close to the mainland, and about as far south of Chios as it is south of Lesbos. **tarried--**for the night. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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And provide them beasts, that they may set Paul on, and bring him safe unto Felix the governor.

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KJV Study Commentary

The provision of 'beasts' (plural) for Paul suggests pack animals for supplies plus mounts for Paul and companions, showing respect for his Roman citizenship. The destination - Felix the governor at Caesarea - represented proper jurisdiction for a Roman citizen's case. God's providence moved Paul from the volatile Jerusalem situation to a venue where civil law would prevail over mob violence.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Felix the** **governor.**—The career of the procurator so named is not without interest as an illustration of the manner in which the Roman empire was at this time governed. In the household of Antonia, the mother of the Emperor Claudius, there were two brothers, first slaves, then freed-men, Antonius Felix and Pallas. The latter became the chosen companion and favourite minister of the emp...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15-16. came the next day over against Chios--**now Scio: one of the most beautiful of those islands between which and the coast the sail is so charming. They appear not to have touched at it. **next day we arrived--**"touched" or "put in." **at Samos--**another island coming quite close to the mainland, and about as far south of Chios as it is south of Lesbos. **tarried--**for the night. ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 12-24** False religious principles, adopted by carnal men, urge on to such wickedness, as human nature would hardly be supposed capable of. Yet the Lord readily disappoints the best concerted schemes of iniquity. Paul knew that the Divine providence acts by reasonable and prudent means; and that, if he neglected to use the means in his power, he could not expect God's providence to wo...
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And he wrote a letter after this manner:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he wrote a letter after this manner</strong> (Greek <em>grapsas epistolen</em>, γράψας ἐπιστολὴν) introduces Claudius Lysias' official correspondence to Felix. Luke's inclusion of this letter (vv. 26-30) provides rare documentary evidence within Acts' narrative. Roman military reports followed standardized formats—sender, recipient, greeting, body, closing. This administrative detail d...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. from Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of the church--**As he was now some forty miles south of Ephesus, we might think that more time would be lost by sending thus far for the elders to come to him, than by going at once to Ephesus itself, when so near it. But if unfavorable winds and stormy weather had overtaken them, his object could not have been attained, and perhaps he ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting.

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KJV Study Commentary

Claudius Lysias's letter provides Luke's historical source for events in the fortress. The formal epistle format - greeting, situation summary, and action taken - follows Roman military protocol. This document would officially introduce Paul's case to Felix and explain the military action, showing how God's providence worked through proper administrative procedures.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix.**—The letter may have been sent unsealed, or a copy of it may have been given to St. Paul or St. Luke after his arrival. What we have obviously purports to be a verbal reproduction of it. We note (1) that the epithet “most excellent” is that which St. Luke uses of Theophilus, to whom he dedicates both the Gospel and the Acts (Luke 1:3;...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**18. Ye know ... after what manner I have been with you at all seasons--**For the Christian integrity and fidelity of his whole official intercourse with them he appeals to themselves.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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This man was taken of the Jews, and should have been killed of them: then came I with an army, and rescued him, having understood that he was a Roman.

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KJV Study Commentary

Lysias's account distorts the sequence - he didn't rescue Paul knowing he was Roman but discovered his citizenship after the arrest (Acts 22:25-29). This face-saving revision shows how even God's instruments have mixed motives. Yet divine providence used Lysias's self-interested report to advance Paul's case, demonstrating how God accomplishes His purposes through flawed human actions.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Then came I with an army.**—Better, *with my troops.* The chief captain ingeniously colours his statement so as to claim credit for having rescued a Roman citizen, though, as a matter of fact, he did not discover that he was a citizen until he was on the point of scourging him without a trial. That fact, of course, is passed over without a word.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. Serving the Lord--**Jesus. **with all humility ... and many tears and temptations--**Self-exaltation was unknown to him, and ease of mind: He "sowed in tears," from anxieties both on account of the converts from whom he "travailed in birth," and of the Jews, whose bitter hostility was perpetually plotting against him, interrupting his work and endangering his life.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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And when I would have known the cause wherefore they accused him, I brought him forth into their council:

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KJV Study Commentary

Lysias reports <strong>I would have known the cause wherefore they accused him</strong>, using <em>epignonai</em> (ἐπιγνῶναι)—to know thoroughly or investigate. The phrase <strong>I brought him forth into their council</strong> reveals the commander's attempt to resolve the matter through Jewish channels before assuming jurisdiction. This demonstrates Roman policy of respecting local governance wh...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. kept back--**timidly withheld from fear of consequences. **nothing that was profitable--**edification directing all. **have taught you publicly, and from house to house--**Did an apostle, whose functions were of so wide a range, not feel satisfied without private as well as public ministrations? How then must pastors feel? [Bengel].

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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Whom I perceived to be accused of questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his charge worthy of death or of bonds.

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KJV Study Commentary

Lysias's assessment that Paul faced 'questions of their law' with 'nothing worthy of death or of bonds' represented crucial official Roman opinion. This judgment that Christianity involved internal Jewish disputes rather than Roman crimes would protect the church for decades. God used a pagan officer's assessment to establish legal precedent favorable to gospel spread.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Accused of questions of their law.**—The points which probably presented themselves to the chiliarch’s mind as the result of his inquiries were—(1) that the prisoner was accused of transgressing the rules of the Temple; (2) that the question at issue seemed to be whether he had seen a teacher named Jesus risen from the dead; (3) whether that teacher was entitled to the name of Christ.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. Testifying both to Jews and ... Greeks--**laboring under a common malady, and recoverable only by a common treatment. **repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ--**(See on Ac 5:31). Repentance, as distinguished from faith, is that state of the "honest and good heart" which arises from a discovery of one's contrariety to the righteous demands of the divine law. This is ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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And when it was told me how that the Jews laid wait for the man, I sent straightway to thee, and gave commandment to his accusers also to say before thee what they had against him. Farewell.

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KJV Study Commentary

Lysias writes <strong>when it was told me how that the Jews laid wait for the man</strong>, using <em>enedras</em> (ἐνέδρας, ambush)—military terminology for hostile intent. His phrase <strong>I sent straightway to thee</strong> (Greek <em>exautes</em>, ἐξαυτῆς, immediately) shows decisive action protecting Roman justice. The closing <strong>Farewell</strong> (<em>erroso</em>, ἔρρωσο) was standard...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Farewell.**—The closing formula, like the opening one, agrees with that used in the letter of the Council of Jerusalem. The “commandment” given to the accusers to go down to Cæsarea was probably given in answer to the high priest’s application for another inquiry before the Sanhedrin. We are not told what became of the vow of the forty conspirators. They doubtless considered themselves abso...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-23. And now, behold, I--**"I" is emphatic here. **bound in the spirit--**compare Ac 19:21. This internal pressure, unattended with any knowledge of "what was to befall him there," was the result of that higher guidance which shaped all his movements.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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Then the soldiers, as it was commanded them, took Paul, and brought him by night to Antipatris.

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KJV Study Commentary

The soldiers' rapid nighttime march - reaching Antipatris (about 40 miles) by morning - demonstrates Roman military efficiency and the urgency of protecting Paul. The Greek emphasizes they acted 'according to their orders,' showing disciplined obedience. God's providence used Roman military precision to spirit Paul away from danger during darkness.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **Antipatris.**—The town, built by Herod the Great, and named after his father, is represented by the modern *Kefr-Saba, *answering to the *Caphar Saba* of Josephus (*Ant. xvi.* 5, § 2). It was about forty-two miles from Jerusalem and twenty-six from Cæsarea. Traces of a Roman road have been discovered between it and Jerusalem, more direct by some miles than the better known route through the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-23. And now, behold, I--**"I" is emphatic here. **bound in the spirit--**compare Ac 19:21. This internal pressure, unattended with any knowledge of "what was to befall him there," was the result of that higher guidance which shaped all his movements.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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On the morrow they left the horsemen to go with him, and returned to the castle:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>On the morrow they left the horsemen to go with him</strong>—the 200 infantry and 200 spearmen returned to Jerusalem while 70 cavalry continued to Caesarea. This tactical shift reflects Roman military doctrine: the greatest ambush danger lay near Jerusalem in Judean hills; once reaching the coastal plain, mounted troops sufficed. The phrase <strong>returned to the castle</strong> (<em>pare...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. But none of these things move me, neither, &amp;c.--**In this noble expression of absolute dedication to the service of Christ and preparedness for the worst that could befall him in such a cause, note (1) his jealousy for the peculiar character of his mission, as immediately from Christ Himself on which all the charges against him turned; (2) the burden of that Gospel which he preached--Gra...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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Who, when they came to Caesarea, and delivered the epistle to the governor, presented Paul also before him.

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KJV Study Commentary

The formal delivery of both Paul and the letter to Felix follows proper Roman administrative procedure. The governor's receipt of Paul established him under Roman legal protection, removing him from Jewish jurisdiction. This transfer represented a crucial shift in Paul's situation - from religious to civil authority, from mob violence to legal process.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25-27. I know that ye all ... shall see my face no more--**not an inspired prediction of what was certainly to be, but what the apostle, in his peculiar circumstances, fully expected. Whether, therefore, he ever did see them again, is a question to be decided purely on its own evidence.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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And when the governor had read the letter, he asked of what province he was. And when he understood that he was of Cilicia;

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KJV Study Commentary

Felix's question about Paul's province determined legal jurisdiction. Discovering Paul was from Cilicia (under Syrian provincial governance) meant Felix could legally hear the case, as Judean governors handled cases from nearby provinces. This detail shows Luke's accurate knowledge of Roman administrative law and how God arranged proper legal jurisdiction for Paul's defense.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(34) **He asked of what province he was.**—The question was a natural one for a procurator of Judæa to ask as to any prisoner brought before him. (Comp. Pilate’s question in Luke 23:6.) It does not appear why Felix was ready to take cognisance of a matter which apparently, to judge by the precedent set by Pilate, belonged to the jurisdiction of another. Perhaps he had no motive for conciliating th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25-27. I know that ye all ... shall see my face no more--**not an inspired prediction of what was certainly to be, but what the apostle, in his peculiar circumstances, fully expected. Whether, therefore, he ever did see them again, is a question to be decided purely on its own evidence.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he commanded him to be kept in Herod's judgment hall.

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KJV Study Commentary

Felix's promise to hear Paul 'when thine accusers are also come' ensured proper judicial process. The command to keep Paul 'in Herod's judgment hall' provided secure custody in the palace complex. Though imprisoned, Paul now had Roman legal protection and proper venue for defense, demonstrating how God's providence can improve circumstances even within restrictions.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(35) **I will hear thee.**—The Greek verb expresses the idea of a thorough hearing. **He commanded him to be kept in Herod’s judgment hall.**—The Greek word is *prætorium, *a word somewhat elastic in its application, and ranging from a palace to a barrack. “Judgment hall” hardly gives the meaning here. The building had probably been intended by Herod for use as a royal residence, and was now used ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25-27. I know that ye all ... shall see my face no more--**not an inspired prediction of what was certainly to be, but what the apostle, in his peculiar circumstances, fully expected. Whether, therefore, he ever did see them again, is a question to be decided purely on its own evidence.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-35** God has instruments for every work. The natural abilities and moral virtues of the heathens often have been employed to protect his persecuted servants. Even the men of the world can discern between the conscientious conduct of upright believers, and the zeal of false professors, though they disregard or understand not their doctrinal principles. All hearts are in God's hand, ...
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