About Acts

Acts records the birth and growth of the church through the power of the Holy Spirit from Jerusalem to Rome.

Author: LukeWritten: c. AD 62-64Reading time: ~3 minVerses: 27
Holy SpiritWitnessChurch GrowthMissionPersecutionUnity

King James Version

Acts 25

27 verses with commentary

Paul Appeals to Caesar

Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Caesarea to Jerusalem.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now when Festus was come into the province</strong>—Porcius Festus replaced Felix as procurator (Greek <em>eparchos</em>, ἔπαρχος), arriving in AD 59-60. The phrase <strong>after three days he ascended from Caesarea to Jerusalem</strong> shows immediate political wisdom: Jerusalem's cooperation was essential for governing Judea. The verb <em>anebe</em> (ἀνέβη, ascended) is geographically a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**XXV.** (1) **After three days he ascended . . .**—Better, *he went up.* (See Note on Acts 24:1.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15-16. we took up our carriages--**"our baggage." **and went up to Jerusalem--**for the fifth time after his conversion, thus concluding his third missionary tour, which proved his last, so far as recorded; for though he accomplished the fourth and last part of the missionary plan sketched out (Ac 19:21)--"After I have been at Jerusalem, I must also see Rome"--it was as "a prisoner of Jesus Ch...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
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Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul</strong>—the Greek <em>enephanisan</em> (ἐνεφάνισαν) means 'made clear charges,' using legal terminology. The phrase <strong>and besought him</strong> (<em>parekaloun</em>, παρεκάλουν) indicates persistent, urgent entreaty. After two years (Acts 24:27), the Jewish leadership immediately revived Paul's case with the ne...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews . . .**—Some of the best MSS. give the plural, “the chief priests.” It is clear that they hoped to take advantage of the newness of Festus to his office. He was likely enough, they thought, to accept their statements and to yield to the pressure of those who had shown themselves powerful enough to bring about his predecessor’s recall. And they h...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-19. the brethren received us gladly--**the disciples generally, as distinguished from the official reception recorded in Ac 21:18.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.

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KJV Study Commentary

The Jewish leaders <strong>desired favour against him</strong> (<em>aitoumenoi charin</em>, αἰτούμενοι χάριν)—literally 'requesting a favor,' revealing manipulation disguised as reasonable request. Their supposed desire for justice masked murderous intent: <strong>laying wait in the way to kill him</strong> (<em>enedran poiountes</em>, ἐνέδραν ποιοῦντες, making an ambush). This renewed assassinati...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-19. the brethren received us gladly--**the disciples generally, as distinguished from the official reception recorded in Ac 21:18.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Caesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Caesarea</strong>—The new procurator (ἡγεμών, hēgemōn) immediately resisted Jewish pressure to relocate Paul to Jerusalem. This decision reflects either Festus's commitment to Roman legal procedure or his early suspicion of Jewish motives. The Greek verb 'tereitai' (kept, guarded) emphasizes Paul's continued protective custody, not imprisonment ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-19. the brethren received us gladly--**the disciples generally, as distinguished from the official reception recorded in Ac 21:18.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Let them therefore... which among you are able</strong> (οἱ δυνατοί, hoi dynatoi)—Festus invites 'the powerful ones' (Jewish leaders) to accompany him, revealing his awareness of the case's political complexity. His phrase <strong>if there be any wickedness in him</strong> (ἄτοπόν, atopon—'anything out of place, improper') shows presumption of innocence, a cornerstone of Roman jurisprudenc...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Let them . . . which among you are able.**—The adjective is probably used, as in 1Corinthians 1:26, Revelation 6:15, in the sense of “powerful,” “chief,” rather than as specifically referring to their being able to accuse the man of whom they had complained. What Festus demanded was that the charges against St. Paul should be supported by the leaders and representatives of the people, and no...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-25. they glorified the Lord, &amp;c.--**constrained to justify his course, notwithstanding the Jewish complexion of the Christianity of Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought. more: or, as some copies read, no more than eight or ten days

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>More than ten days</strong>—Luke's precise timeframe emphasizes the brief courtesy visit to Jerusalem before returning to governmental duties. Festus's quick action contrasts with Felix's two-year neglect. <strong>Sitting on the judgment seat</strong> (βήματος, bēmatos) refers to the official tribunal where Roman magistrates rendered legal decisions, symbolizing imperial authority.<br><br>...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-25. they glorified the Lord, &amp;c.--**constrained to justify his course, notwithstanding the Jewish complexion of the Christianity of Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The Jews... stood round about</strong>—The Greek 'periestēsan' suggests a hostile encircling, creating an intimidating atmosphere. They brought <strong>many and grievous complaints</strong> (πολλὰ καὶ βαρέα αἰτιώματα, polla kai barea aitiōmata)—'many and weighty accusations'—language suggesting serious criminal charges, possibly capital offenses.<br><br>Yet the devastating phrase: <strong>...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Many and grievous complaints.**—These were, we may well believe, of the same nature as those on which Tertullus had harangued. The line of St. Paul’s defence indicates the three counts of the indictment. He had broken, it was alleged, the law of Israel, which Rome recognised as the religion of the province, and was therefore subject to the spiritual jurisdiction of the Sanhedrin; he had prof...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-25. they glorified the Lord, &amp;c.--**constrained to justify his course, notwithstanding the Jewish complexion of the Christianity of Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended any thing at all.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's declaration 'Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended any thing at all' comprehensively addresses all possible charges. His triple denial - religious, ritual, and political offenses - shows how thoroughly baseless the accusations were. This clean slate before Jewish law, temple regulations, and Roman authority demonstrates that...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-25. they glorified the Lord, &amp;c.--**constrained to justify his course, notwithstanding the Jewish complexion of the Christianity of Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure</strong> (θέλων χάριν καταθέσθαι, thelōn charin katathesthai)—literally 'wishing to lay down favor.' Despite recognizing Paul's innocence, Festus immediately compromised judicial integrity for political expediency. The same corruption that characterized Felix now infected his successor. Roman justice, though superior to mob rule, remained vulnerabl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Willing to do the Jews a pleasure.**—See Note on Acts 24:27. The invitation was in itself plausible enough. It practically admitted that there was no evidence on the last head of the accusation of which he, as procurator, need take cognizance. It offered the prisoner a trial before his own national tribunal, with the presence of the procurator as a check upon violence and injustice. It is ma...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-25. they glorified the Lord, &amp;c.--**constrained to justify his course, notwithstanding the Jewish complexion of the Christianity of Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

Then said Paul, I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged</strong>—Paul's declaration asserts his legal rights as a Roman citizen while exposing Festus's improper proposal. The Greek 'hestōs eimi' (I am standing) emphasizes his current legal position. <strong>To the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest</strong> (καλλιον ἐπιγινώσκεις, kallion epiginōskeis)—'you know bett...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **I stand at Cæsar’s judgment seat.**—The Greek verb is given in a peculiar form, which carries with it the meaning of, *I am standing, and have stood all along* . . . He, as a Roman citizen, claimed the right to be tried by a Roman court, and finding that the procurator had shown a bias which left little hope of a fair trial, exercised the right which attached to his citizenship, and appeale...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-25. they glorified the Lord, &amp;c.--**constrained to justify his course, notwithstanding the Jewish complexion of the Christianity of Jerusalem.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For if I be an offender... I refuse not to die</strong>—Paul's conditional statement demonstrates both submission to legitimate authority and confidence in his innocence. The Greek 'paraitoumai' (refuse, decline) shows willingness to accept just punishment if guilty. This isn't bravado but principled submission to lawful execution.<br><br><strong>But if there be none of these things... no ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **No man may deliver me unto them.**—Literally, *no man may give me up to them as a favour.* The words show that he saw through the simulated fairness of the procurator, and did not shrink from showing that he did so. **I appeal unto Cæsar.**—The history of this right of appeal affords a singular illustration of the manner in which the republic had been transformed into a despotic monarchy. T...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. to signify--**that is, announce to the priest. **the accomplishment of the days of purification, &amp;c.--**(See on Nu 6:14-21).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When he had conferred with the council</strong> (συλλαλήσας μετὰ τοῦ συμβουλίου, syllalēsas meta tou symbouliou)—Festus consulted his advisory council (consilium), composed of military officers and legal experts. This shows the appeal's gravity: once accepted, it was irrevocable. The Latin legal maxim 'provocatio ad Caesarem' removed the case from provincial jurisdiction entirely.<br><br><...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **Hast thou appealed unto Cæsar? unto** Cæsar shalt thou go.—There is obviously something like a sneer in the procurator’s acceptance of St. Paul’s decision. He knew, it may be, better than the Apostle to what kind of judge the latter was appealing, what long delays there would be before the cause was heard, how little chance there was of a righteous judgment at last.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**27-30. the Jews ... of Asia--**in all likelihood those of Ephesus (since they recognized Trophimus apparently as a townsman, Ac 21:29), embittered by their discomfiture (Ac 19:9, &amp;c.).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 25 Chapter Outline Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar.(1-12) Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul.(13-27) **Verses 1-12** See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well ...
Read full commentary →

Paul Before Agrippa and Bernice

And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Caesarea to salute Festus.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>King Agrippa and Bernice came unto Caesarea to salute Festus</strong>—Herod Agrippa II, the last of the Herodian dynasty, ruled territories northeast of Judea and held authority over temple affairs. His visit to <strong>salute</strong> (ἀσπασάμενοι, aspasamenoi) the new procurator was diplomatic protocol, maintaining the complex client-king relationship with Rome.<br><br>Bernice was Agripp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **King Agrippa and Bernice.**—Each of the characters thus brought on the scene has a somewhat memorable history. (1) The former closes the line of the Herodian house. He was the son of the Agrippa whose tragic end is related in Acts 12:20-23, and was but seventeen years of age at the time of his father’s death, in A.D. 44. He did not succeed to the kingdom of Judæa, which was placed under the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**27-30. the Jews ... of Asia--**in all likelihood those of Ephesus (since they recognized Trophimus apparently as a townsman, Ac 21:29), embittered by their discomfiture (Ac 19:9, &amp;c.).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the king</strong>—Festus waited for proper timing to discuss his administrative dilemma. The verb 'anetheto' (declared, set forth) suggests formal presentation of a legal case. He introduces Paul as <strong>a certain man left in bonds by Felix</strong>, distancing himself from his predecessor's political cowardice while ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Festus declared Paul’s cause unto the king.**—The matter seems to have come in, as it were, in the course of conversation. Festus probably thought that Agrippa, who knew all about the Jews and their religion, could throw some light on the peculiar position of his prisoner, who, though a Jew, and professing the utmost reverence for the Law and the Temple, was yet accused and denounced by his...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**27-30. the Jews ... of Asia--**in all likelihood those of Ephesus (since they recognized Trophimus apparently as a townsman, Ac 21:29), embittered by their discomfiture (Ac 19:9, &amp;c.).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him</strong> (κατηγόρησαν αἰτούμενοι κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην)—Festus recounts the Jewish leaders' accusation against Paul. The Greek <em>katēgorēsan</em> (informed/accused) is the root of our word 'category'—they catalogued charges. <em>Katadikēn</em> (judgment/condemnation) reveals their goal: not inv...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**27-30. the Jews ... of Asia--**in all likelihood those of Ephesus (since they recognized Trophimus apparently as a townsman, Ac 21:29), embittered by their discomfiture (Ac 19:9, &amp;c.).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face , and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

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KJV Study Commentary

Festus's explanation of Roman justice - 'It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself' - articulates fundamental legal principles: presumption of innocence, right to face accusers, and opportunity for defense. These principles, rooted in Roman law, became foundational to Western ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **To whom I answered . . .**—The facts of the case are stated with fair accuracy, but there is a certain measure of ostentation in the way in which Festus speaks of “the manner of the Romans.” It was, perhaps, natural that a procurator just entering on his term of office, should announce, as with a flourish of trumpets, that he at least was going to be rigidly impartial in his administration ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31. tidings came--**literally, "went up," that is, to the fortress of Antonia, where the commandant resided. See on Ac 21:32. This part of the narrative is particularly graphic.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat</strong>—Festus recounts his prompt action to King Agrippa. The phrase ἀναβολὴν μηδεμίαν ποιησάμενος (<em>anabolēn mēdemian poiēsamenos</em>, 'making no delay') emphasizes his diligence—a contrast to Felix's two-year stalling (24:27). <strong>The morrow</strong> (τῇ ἑξῆς, <em>tē hexēs</em>) sh...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**32. the chief captain--**"the chiliarch," or tribune of the Roman cohort, whose full number was one thousand men.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed</strong>—Festus admits surprise. He expected κατηγορίαν (<em>katēgorian</em>, 'accusation, formal charge') of serious crimes—perhaps sedition, riot, or temple violation (capital offenses under Roman law). The phrase ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν (<em>hōn egō hypenououn</em>, 'which I was suspecting') revea...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**33. commanded him to be bound with two chains--**(See on Ac 12:6).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But had certain questions against him of their own superstition</strong>—Festus dismisses Jewish theology as δεισιδαιμονίας (<em>deisidaimonias</em>, 'superstition, religion')—a neutral or slightly pejorative term Romans used for foreign religions. The phrase ζητήματα (<em>zētēmata</em>, 'questions, disputes') indicates scholarly debates, not crimes. To Festus, these theological arguments ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Certain questions against him of their own superstition.**—The word is of the same import as that used by St. Paul in Acts 17:22 (where see Note), and the use here shows its comparatively neutral character. Festus was speaking to a Jewish king, and would not knowingly have used an offensive term. He falls back, accordingly, upon one which an outsider might use of any local religion which he...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34. some cried one thing--**The difficulty would be so to state his crimes as to justify their proceedings to a Roman officer. **to be carried into the castle--**rather, perhaps, "the barracks," or that part of the fortress of Antonia appropriated to the soldiers. The fort was built by Herod on a high rock at the northwest corner of the great temple area, and called after Mark Antony.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters. I doubted: or, I was doubtful how to enquire hereof

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And because I doubted of such manner of questions</strong>—Festus's candid admission: ἀπορούμενος (<em>aporoumenos</em>, 'being at a loss, perplexed') about τὴν περὶ τούτων ζήτησιν (<em>tēn peri toutōn zētēsin</em>, 'the inquiry concerning these things'). He's honest about his incompetence to judge Jewish theological disputes. This wasn't Roman jurisdiction—theology wasn't a legal category...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Because I doubted of such manner of questions.**—Better, *I*, *being perplexed as to the inquiry about these things.* The word implies more than mere doubt, and his perplexity is his justification for bringing the matter before a prince who, being a Jew, might be a better judge of the point at issue.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-36. Away with him--**as before of his Lord (Lu 23:18; Joh 19:15).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar. hearing: or, judgment

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus</strong>—Paul invoked his right as a Roman citizen to appeal to the emperor. The verb ἐπικαλεσαμένου (<em>epikalesamenou</em>, 'having appealed to') is a technical legal term. <strong>Augustus</strong> (Σεβαστός, <em>Sebastos</em>, the Greek equivalent of Latin <em>Augustus</em>, 'revered one') was the imperial title; N...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **Unto the hearing of Augustus.**—The title is the Greek equivalent, as seen in the name Sebaste (= Augusta) given to Samaria, for the epithet which, like our “his majesty,” had become a kind of official title of the Roman emperor. It had first been given by the Senate to Octavianus (Sueton. *Aug.* c. 7), and was adopted by his successors. As connected with “augur, it had originally, like *Se...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**35-36. Away with him--**as before of his Lord (Lu 23:18; Joh 19:15).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself</strong>—King Agrippa II's request (Ἐβουλόμην καὶ αὐτὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀκοῦσαι, <em>Eboulomēn kai autos tou anthrōpou akousai</em>, 'I myself also was wishing to hear the man') expresses personal curiosity. As a Jewish king educated in Rome, Agrippa was knowledgeable about Jewish affairs and intrigued by this case that had roile...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **I would also hear the man myself.**—Better, *I also was myself wishing;* the phrase implying that the wish was not now formed for the first time.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**37-40. Art not thou that Egyptian, &amp;c.--**The form of the question implies that the answer is to be in the negative, and is matter of some surprise: "Thou art not then?" &amp;c.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus' commandment Paul was brought forth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp</strong>—The scene is spectacular: μετὰ πολλῆς φαντασίας (<em>meta pollēs phantasias</em>, 'with much pageantry, display, spectacle'). Agrippa and Bernice arrive in full royal regalia—a theatrical entrance designed to display power and majesty. The contrast is deliberate: worldly pomp versus Paul's imprisoned simplicity...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **When Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp.**—The description may be noted as probably coming from one who had been an eye-witness of the stately parade, and was able to report with precision all that had passed. The fact was the first fulfilment of the promise that the Apostle was to bear His witness before “kings” as well as rulers (Acts 9:15). The Greek word for “pomp” (more lit...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**37-40. Art not thou that Egyptian, &amp;c.--**The form of the question implies that the answer is to be in the negative, and is matter of some surprise: "Thou art not then?" &amp;c.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us</strong>—Festus addresses the assembly with formal protocol, acknowledging Agrippa's superiority while including all present (πάντες οἱ συμπαρόντες ἡμῖν ἄνδρες, <em>pantes hoi symparontes hēmin andres</em>, 'all men present with us'). <strong>Ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with m...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Have dealt with me.**—The general term, “held communication with me,” is chosen to cover the proposal of Acts 25:2-3, as well as the direct accusation of Acts 25:7. It would seem from the addition, “and also here,” that the Jews of Cæsarea had also taken part in the proceedings, and that they too had been clamouring for a capital sentence.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**37-40. Art not thou that Egyptian, &amp;c.--**The form of the question implies that the answer is to be in the negative, and is matter of some surprise: "Thou art not then?" &amp;c.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death</strong>—Festus's verdict: κατελαβόμην μηδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου αὐτὸν πεπραχέναι (<em>katelabomēn mēden axion thanatou auton peprachenai</em>, 'I comprehended/found nothing worthy of death he had done'). This is the fourth Roman official to declare Paul (and by extension, Christianity) innocent: Gallio (18:14-15), Lysias (23:29), Fe...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **When I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death.**—The words should be noted as an emphatic declaration on the part of Festus that the accusers had failed to sustain their indictment. But a procurator transmitting a case to the supreme court of the emperor was bound to send a formal report as to the matter out of which the appeal arose, and it was on this point that the “perplexe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**37-40. Art not thou that Egyptian, &amp;c.--**The form of the question implies that the answer is to be in the negative, and is matter of some surprise: "Thou art not then?" &amp;c.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord</strong>—Festus faces a bureaucratic dilemma: περὶ οὗ ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι τῷ κυρίῳ οὐκ ἔχω (<em>peri hou asphales ti grapsai tō kyriō ouk echō</em>, 'concerning whom I have nothing reliable to write to the lord'). <strong>My lord</strong> refers to Caesar (using <em>kyrios</em>, 'lord,' the title emperors increasingly claimed). Festus mus...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **To write unto my lord.**—The Greek corresponds to the title of “Dominus,” which, though declined by Augustus and Tiberius (Sueton. *Octav.* c. 53; *Tiber. *c. 27), had been assumed by Caligula and Nero. The first of the emperors had rejected it as an “accursed and ill-omened title,” and had not allowed it to be used even by his children or grand-children, either seriously or in play. The na...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him</strong>—Festus's frustration: ἄλογον γάρ μοι δοκεῖ (<em>alogon gar moi dokei</em>, 'For unreasonable it seems to me') to send (πέμποντα δέσμιον, <em>pemponta desmion</em>, 'sending a prisoner') without specifying (μὴ καὶ σημᾶναι, <em>mē kai sēmanai</em>, 'not also to indicate') τὰς ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-27** Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, ver. #(16), condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of...
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