About Acts

Acts records the birth and growth of the church through the power of the Holy Spirit from Jerusalem to Rome.

Author: LukeWritten: c. AD 62-64Reading time: ~3 minVerses: 25
Holy SpiritWitnessChurch GrowthMissionPersecutionUnity

King James Version

Acts 12

25 verses with commentary

James Killed and Peter Imprisoned

Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church. stretched: or, began

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Herod 'stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church.' The verb 'vex' (Greek kakoo, to harm or afflict) shows deliberate hostility. This Herod (Agrippa I) persecuted Christians to gain favor with Jewish leaders. Satan continues attacking the church through political authorities hostile to the gospel. Reformed theology recognizes that persecution is normative for the church (2 Timothy 3:12) - the world hates Christ and His people. Yet God's sovereign purposes prevail despite human opposition, using persecution to refine and strengthen His church.

And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.

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Herod 'killed James the brother of John with the sword.' James (son of Zebedee, one of Jesus' inner circle) became the first apostolic martyr. His execution fulfilled Jesus' prophecy that James would drink His cup of suffering (Mark 10:39). The brevity of Luke's account contrasts with extensive detail given to Stephen - martyrdom was becoming common, not exceptional. Reformed theology affirms God's sovereignty even in martyrdom - the timing and manner of believers' deaths are in God's hands. James's death served God's purposes though humanly tragic.

And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.)

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Seeing his persecution 'pleased the Jews,' Herod proceeded to arrest Peter during Passover. Political calculation drove his actions - currying favor through religious persecution. That this occurred during 'the days of unleavened bread' shows the irony: while celebrating deliverance from Egypt, Jews endorsed persecution of God's messengers. Herod intended to execute Peter after Passover (v.4). Reformed theology sees the world's alliance against Christ and His church (Psalm 2) - religious and political powers unite against the gospel despite claiming to serve God.

And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people. Easter: Gr. Passover quaternions: a file of four soldiers

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And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people. Herod's elaborate security—sixteen soldiers guarding Peter—demonstrates both Peter's perceived danger and sets stage for miraculous deliverance.

Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him. prayer: or, instant and earnest prayer was made

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The church's response to Peter's imprisonment—'prayer was made without ceasing'—demonstrates corporate intercession as primary spiritual warfare. The Greek 'ektenos' (earnestly/without ceasing) indicates intense, persistent prayer. This contrasts human helplessness with divine power accessed through united prayer.

Peter's Miraculous Escape

And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains: and the keepers before the door kept the prison.

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And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Barjesus: The encounter with Jewish false prophet demonstrates spiritual opposition even within covenant community and foreshadows recurring conflict between gospel and false religion.

And, behold, the angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly . And his chains fell off from his hands.

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The angel's sudden appearance ('light shined in the prison') and physical intervention (striking Peter's side, loosing chains) demonstrates God's sovereignty over physical barriers and human authorities. The details emphasize the miracle's objective reality—Peter initially thought it a vision (Acts 12:9) but experienced genuine supernatural deliverance.

And the angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals. And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.

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But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith. The sorcerer's active opposition—withstanding and attempting to turn Sergius Paulus away—demonstrates Satan's strategy to prevent influential converts through entrenched false teachers.

And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision.

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And he went out, and followed him; and wist not that it was true which was done by the angel; but thought he saw a vision. Peter's uncertainty about reality—thinking it was vision—demonstrates the experience's supernatural character while showing human processing of extraordinary events.

When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him.

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When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city; which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street; and forthwith the angel departed from him. The progressive obstacles—two wards, iron gate—each supernaturally overcome, demonstrate complete divine control while gate opening 'of its own accord' emphasizes miracle's nature.

And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the Lord hath sent his angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.

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Peter's declaration 'Now I know of a surety that the Lord hath sent his angel' shows his initial confusion transformed to certain recognition. The phrase 'delivered me out of the hand of Herod' attributes salvation to divine intervention, not chance. Peter's understanding of God's rescue from 'all the expectation of the people' acknowledges popular desire for his execution.

And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying .

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Then the deputy, when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord. Sergius Paulus's conversion resulting from witnessed miracle plus doctrine demonstrates proper relationship between signs and teaching—miracles authenticate, doctrine saves.

And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda. to hearken: or, to ask who was there

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Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem. The subtle shift from 'Barnabas and Saul' to 'Paul and his company' indicates Paul's emerging leadership, while John Mark's departure foreshadows later conflict.

And when she knew Peter's voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.

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But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down. The missionaries' continued strategy—synagogue attendance on Sabbath—demonstrates consistent methodology building on Old Testament foundation.

And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his angel.

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And after the reading of the law and the prophets the rulers of the synagogue sent unto them, saying, Ye men and brethren, if ye have any word of exhortation for the people, say on. The synagogue leaders' invitation demonstrates standard practice while God's providence creates platform for gospel proclamation.

But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished.

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Then Paul stood up, and beckoning with his hand said, Men of Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience. Paul's physical gesture and dual address—Jews and God-fearers—demonstrates inclusive approach reaching both covenant community and sympathetic Gentiles.

But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.

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The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it. Paul's sermon beginning with Exodus establishes God's initiative, sovereign choice, and redemptive pattern foundational for explaining Jesus.

Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter.

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And about the time of forty years suffered he their manners in the wilderness. The forty years' wilderness wandering, described as God suffering Israel's manners, emphasizes divine patience with rebellious people.

And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and there abode.

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And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he divided their land to them by lot. The Canaanite conquest's recounting emphasizes God's judgment on wickedness while fulfilling covenant promises to Abraham's descendants.

The Death of Herod

And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king's chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king's country. was highly: or, bare an hostile mind, intending war the king's chamberlain: Gr. that was over the king's bedchamber

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And after that he gave unto them judges about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet. The judges period, spanning 450 years, demonstrates God's repeated deliverance despite Israel's cyclical rebellion.

And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.

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And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years. Israel's demand for king demonstrates human rejection of divine rule, yet God graciously provides while warning against idolizing human leadership.

And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.

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And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man. The crowd's blasphemous flattery—calling Herod a god—represents ultimate human pride and sets immediate stage for divine judgment.

And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.

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Herod's immediate divine judgment ('the angel of the Lord smote him') for accepting worship demonstrates God's jealous protection of His glory. The gruesome death by worms ('eaten of worms') serves as vivid warning against usurping divine honor. This judgment recalls similar Old Testament deaths of those claiming divine status.

But the word of God grew and multiplied.

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The contrast between Herod's death and God's word growing emphasizes that human opposition cannot thwart divine purposes. The organic language ('grew and multiplied') suggests living, reproducing expansion through conversions and church planting. This summary statement shows that persecution strengthens rather than weakens the church.

And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark. ministry: or, charge

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And as John fulfilled his course, he said, Whom think ye that I am? I am not he. But, behold, there cometh one after me, whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to unloose. John's self-deprecation and exaltation of Jesus demonstrates proper attitude toward Christ—recognizing His infinite superiority.

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