King James Version

What Does Acts 12:21 Mean?

Acts 12:21 in the King James Version says “And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them. — study this verse from Acts chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.

Acts 12:21 · KJV


Context

19

And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judaea to Caesarea, and there abode.

20

And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and, having made Blastus the king's chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the king's country. was highly: or, bare an hostile mind, intending war the king's chamberlain: Gr. that was over the king's bedchamber

21

And upon a set day Herod, arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his throne, and made an oration unto them.

22

And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.

23

And immediately the angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the ghost.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years. Israel's demand for king demonstrates human rejection of divine rule, yet God graciously provides while warning against idolizing human leadership.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

They desired king (1 Samuel 8) represented rejecting God's direct rule. God gave Saul despite warning of kingship's costs. Saul's 40-year reign (approximate, some scholars suggest shorter) ended in failure. The irony—speaker named Saul/Paul (same Hebrew name) described original King Saul's failure. Around 48 CE, this reminded hearers that human leadership repeatedly disappoints, preparing for presentation of Jesus as perfect King.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does demanding king reveal about human preference for visible leadership?
  2. How does God graciously provide even when motives are wrong?
  3. In what ways do human leaders inevitably disappoint?
  4. Why include failed king in gospel sermon?
  5. What does Saul's failure prepare hearers to understand about need for perfect King?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
τακτῇ1 of 16

upon a set

G5002

arranged, i.e., appointed or stated

δὲ2 of 16

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἡμέρᾳ3 of 16

day

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

4 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἡρῴδης5 of 16

Herod

G2264

heroic; herod, the name of four jewish kings

ἐνδυσάμενος6 of 16

arrayed

G1746

to invest with clothing (literally or figuratively)

ἐσθῆτα7 of 16

apparel

G2066

dress

βασιλικὴν8 of 16

in royal

G937

regal (in relation), i.e., (literally) belonging to (or befitting) the sovereign (as land, dress, or a courtier), or (figuratively) preeminent

καὶ9 of 16

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

καθίσας10 of 16

sat

G2523

to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)

ἐπὶ11 of 16

upon

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τοῦ12 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βήματος13 of 16

throne

G968

a step, i.e., foot-breath; by implication, a rostrum, i.e., a tribunal

ἐδημηγόρει14 of 16

made an oration

G1215

to be a people-gatherer, i.e., to address a public assembly

πρὸς15 of 16

unto

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

αὐτούς16 of 16

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 12:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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