King James Version

What Does Matthew 25:40 Mean?

Matthew 25:40 in the King James Version says “And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 25 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.

Matthew 25:40 · KJV


Context

38

When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee?

39

Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee?

40

And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.

41

Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels:

42

For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This profound statement comes from Jesus' parable of the sheep and goats (Matthew 25:31-46), describing final judgment. The King (Christ) explains that serving 'the least of these my brethren' (τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου τῶν ἐλαχίστων/ton adelphon mou ton elachiston) equals serving Him personally. 'Inasmuch as' (ἐφ' ὅσον/eph' hoson) means 'to the extent that' or 'insofar as'—actions toward the vulnerable and marginalized directly affect Christ. This doesn't teach salvation by works; rather, genuine faith necessarily produces compassion for the needy (James 2:14-17). Those united to Christ by faith naturally care for His 'brethren'—likely referring primarily to fellow believers, though the principle extends to all in need. The passage lists concrete acts: feeding the hungry, welcoming strangers, clothing the naked, visiting the sick and imprisoned. These aren't extraordinary heroics but ordinary compassion. Our treatment of the vulnerable reveals whether we truly know Christ.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This teaching appears in Jesus' final discourse before His crucifixion. He prepares disciples for a future when He would no longer be physically present—yet He remains mysteriously present in suffering believers. Early Christians took this literally, creating unprecedented systems of care for widows, orphans, poor, and sick (Acts 6:1-6; James 1:27). Their compassion distinguished Christianity from surrounding culture and testified to the gospel's transforming power. Roman emperor Julian (apostate who rejected Christianity) complained that Christians' care for the poor—even pagan poor—made Christianity attractive.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Christ's identification with 'the least of these' elevate the dignity of serving the marginalized?
  2. In what practical ways can you serve Christ by caring for vulnerable people this week?
  3. How does this teaching challenge individualistic faith disconnected from compassionate action toward the needy?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
καὶ1 of 21

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀποκριθεὶς2 of 21

shall answer

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

3 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βασιλεὺς4 of 21

the King

G935

a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively)

ἐρεῖ5 of 21

and say

G2046

an alternate for g2036 in certain tenses; to utter, i.e., speak or say

αὐτοῖς6 of 21

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Ἀμὴν7 of 21

Verily

G281

properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)

λέγω8 of 21

I say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ὑμῖν9 of 21

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

ἐφ'10 of 21

Inasmuch

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

ὅσον11 of 21

as

G3745

as (much, great, long, etc.) as

ἐποιήσατε12 of 21

ye have done

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

ἑνὶ13 of 21

it unto one

G1520

one

τούτων14 of 21

of these

G5130

of (from or concerning) these (persons or things)

τῶν15 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀδελφῶν16 of 21

brethren

G80

a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)

μου17 of 21

my

G3450

of me

τῶν18 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐλαχίστων19 of 21

of the least

G1646

used as equivalent to g3398; least (in size, amount, dignity, etc.)

ἐμοὶ20 of 21

it unto me

G1698

to me

ἐποιήσατε21 of 21

ye have done

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 25:40 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 25:40 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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