King James Version
Acts 15
41 verses with commentary
The Jerusalem Council
And certain men which came down from Judaea taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
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KJV Study Commentary
The Jerusalem Council crisis reveals the perpetual tension between grace and legalism. These Judaizers from Judaea insisted that Gentile converts must be circumcised 'after the manner of Moses' to be saved, adding works to faith. This directly contradicted the gospel of grace that Paul and Barnabas preached. The Greek 'sōthēnai' (be saved) is passive, emphasizing that salvation is received, not ac...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
XV.
(1) **And certain men which came down from Judæa.**—We enter on the history of the first great controversy in the records of the Christian Church. It might have seemed as if the conversion of Cornelius had been accepted as deciding the question which we now find raised again (Acts 11:18). It would seem, however, that those who had raised objections to Peter’s conduct in that case were not cont...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**29. Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief, &c.--**This was the pure prompting of Christian love, which shone so bright in those earliest days of the Gospel.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 15
Chapter Outline
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers.(1-6)
The council at Jerusalem.(7-21)
The letter from the council.(22-35)
Paul and Barnabas separate.(36-41)
**Verses 1-6**
Some from Judea taught the Gentile converts at Antioch, that they could not be saved, unless they observed the whole ceremonial law as given by Moses; and thus they sought to destroy...
Read full commentary →When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and elders about this question.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul and Barnabas engage in 'no small dissension' (Greek 'stasis' - conflict, uprising) because the gospel itself was at stake. They refused to compromise on justification by faith alone. The decision to appeal to the apostles and elders in Jerusalem demonstrates biblical church government and the importance of doctrinal unity. This establishes precedent for resolving theological disputes through ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(2) **When therefore Paul and Barnabas.**—The two Apostles must obviously have agreed in feeling that the teaching of the Judaisers (it will be convenient to use that term henceforth) involved a direct condemnation of all the work in which they saw the triumph of God’s grace. They had proclaimed salvation through faith in Christ. Their converts were now told that they had been teaching a soul-dest...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**30. sent it to the elders--**an office well known to be borrowed from the synagogue; after the model of which, and not at all of the temple, the Christian Churches were constituted by the apostles.
**by the hands of Barnabas and Saul--**This was Saul's Second Visit to Jerusalem after his conversion.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 15
Chapter Outline
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers.(1-6)
The council at Jerusalem.(7-21)
The letter from the council.(22-35)
Paul and Barnabas separate.(36-41)
**Verses 1-6**
Some from Judea taught the Gentile converts at Antioch, that they could not be saved, unless they observed the whole ceremonial law as given by Moses; and thus they sought to destroy...
Read full commentary →And being brought on their way by the church, they passed through Phenice and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.
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KJV Study Commentary
As they traveled, Paul and Barnabas 'declared the conversion of the Gentiles' (Greek 'epistrophē' - turning, conversion), causing great joy among believers. This spontaneous testimony reveals the missionary heart of early Christianity. The joy of the brethren demonstrates that most Jewish Christians celebrated Gentile inclusion, contrary to the Judaizers' narrow view.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(3) **They passed through Phenice and Samaria.**—The route lay from Seleucia, at the mouth of the Orontes, along the coast of Sidon, Tyre, and, probably, Cæsarea, and then through Samaria. They might have gone to Joppa, and so have avoided the old Canaanite cities and the region of the hated Samaritans. The very journey was, therefore, an assertion of the principles for which they were contending....
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 15
Chapter Outline
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers.(1-6)
The council at Jerusalem.(7-21)
The letter from the council.(22-35)
Paul and Barnabas separate.(36-41)
**Verses 1-6**
Some from Judea taught the Gentile converts at Antioch, that they could not be saved, unless they observed the whole ceremonial law as given by Moses; and thus they sought to destroy...
Read full commentary →And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.
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KJV Study Commentary
The Jerusalem church, apostles, and elders received them warmly and heard their report of 'all things that God had done with them.' The passive construction emphasizes God as the primary actor in missions. This reception contrasts with the Judaizers' hostile reception, showing that official church leadership supported the Gentile mission.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(4) **They were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders.**—The words imply a general gathering of the Church, members of different synagogues coining together, with the elders who presided over them. The position of the Apostles, though in some degree analogous in their relation to the elders to the later office of bishops, was yet in many ways unique. They had no local diocese, but...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 12 Ac 12:1-19. Persecution of the Church by Herod Agrippa I--Martyrdom of James and Miraculous Deliverance of Peter.
**1-3. Herod the king--**grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus. He at this time ruled over all his father's dominions. Paley has remarked the accuracy of the historian here. For thirty years before this there was no king at Jerusalem exercising supreme authori...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 15
Chapter Outline
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers.(1-6)
The council at Jerusalem.(7-21)
The letter from the council.(22-35)
Paul and Barnabas separate.(36-41)
**Verses 1-6**
Some from Judea taught the Gentile converts at Antioch, that they could not be saved, unless they observed the whole ceremonial law as given by Moses; and thus they sought to destroy...
Read full commentary →But there rose up certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses. rose: or, rose up, said they, certain
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KJV Study Commentary
The Pharisee believers represent a significant faction within the early church who hadn't fully grasped grace. Though they believed in Christ, they maintained that Gentiles must keep 'the law of Moses' and be circumcised. This shows that theological error can persist even among genuine believers. The issue wasn't salvation by works per se, but adding requirements to Christ's finished work.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(5) **Certain of the sect of the Pharisees which believed.**—This is the first distinct mention of the conversion of any of the Pharisaic party, but there had been a drift in that direction going on for some time, beginning during our Lord’s ministry (John 12:42), and showing itself in the moderate counsels of Gamaliel (Acts 5:38-39). The position which they occupied was that of accepting Jesus as...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 12 Ac 12:1-19. Persecution of the Church by Herod Agrippa I--Martyrdom of James and Miraculous Deliverance of Peter.
**1-3. Herod the king--**grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus. He at this time ruled over all his father's dominions. Paley has remarked the accuracy of the historian here. For thirty years before this there was no king at Jerusalem exercising supreme authori...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 15
Chapter Outline
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers.(1-6)
The council at Jerusalem.(7-21)
The letter from the council.(22-35)
Paul and Barnabas separate.(36-41)
**Verses 1-6**
Some from Judea taught the Gentile converts at Antioch, that they could not be saved, unless they observed the whole ceremonial law as given by Moses; and thus they sought to destroy...
Read full commentary →And the apostles and elders came together for to consider of this matter.
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KJV Study Commentary
The apostles and elders assembled to 'consider this matter' (Greek 'eidon' - to see, examine). This formal council demonstrates the early church's commitment to resolving doctrinal disputes through careful theological reflection, Scripture study, and Spirit-led consensus. The gravity of the assembly shows they recognized this as a defining moment for Christianity's future.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(6) **And the apostles and elders came together.**—The meeting rightly takes its place as the first in the long series of councils, or synods, which mark the course of the Church’s history. It bore its witness that the government of the Christian society was not to rest in the autocracy of a single will, but in the deliberative decision of those who, directly or indirectly, having been appointed b...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 12 Ac 12:1-19. Persecution of the Church by Herod Agrippa I--Martyrdom of James and Miraculous Deliverance of Peter.
**1-3. Herod the king--**grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus. He at this time ruled over all his father's dominions. Paley has remarked the accuracy of the historian here. For thirty years before this there was no king at Jerusalem exercising supreme authori...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
Chapter 15
Chapter Outline
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers.(1-6)
The council at Jerusalem.(7-21)
The letter from the council.(22-35)
Paul and Barnabas separate.(36-41)
**Verses 1-6**
Some from Judea taught the Gentile converts at Antioch, that they could not be saved, unless they observed the whole ceremonial law as given by Moses; and thus they sought to destroy...
Read full commentary →And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.
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KJV Study Commentary
The 'great disputing' at the Jerusalem Council reveals how seriously the early church took theological questions. The debate over Gentile circumcision touched fundamental issues about salvation's basis and the law's role. That the church allowed extensive discussion before resolution shows wisdom in thoroughly addressing controversies rather than quick, superficial decisions.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(7) **When there had been much disputing.**—This implies a full discussion, in which the Judaising teachers, probably, though not certainly, presbyters, on the one side, and the advocates of freedom, on the other, took part. Light is thrown on the character of the debate by St. Paul’s account of the matter in Galatians 2:2-10. He did not even then bring out what he held and taught, in its fulness....
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**4. delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers--**that is, to four parties of four each, corresponding to the four Roman watches; two watching in prison and two at the gates, and each party being on duty for the space of one watch.
**intending after Easter--**rather, "after the Passover"; that is, after the whole festival was over. (The word in our King James Version is an ecclesiastical ter...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;
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KJV Study Commentary
Peter's description of God as 'which knoweth the hearts' establishes that divine acceptance bases on internal faith, not external ritual. His argument that God gave the Spirit to Gentiles 'like as he did unto us' places Jewish and Gentile believers on equal footing. This testimony proved decisive in the Jerusalem Council's deliberation.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(8) **God which knoweth the hearts.**—We note the recurrence of the epithet as characteristic of St. Peter. (See Note on Acts 1:24.)
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**5-6. prayer was made without ceasing--**rather, "instant," "earnest," "urgent" (Margin); as in Lu 22:44; Ac 26:7; and 1Pe 4:8 (see Greek).
**of the church unto God for him--**not in public assembly, for it was evidently not safe to meet thus; but in little groups in private houses, one of which was Mary's (Ac 12:12). And this was kept up during all the days of unleavened bread.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.
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KJV Study Commentary
Peter's testimony that God 'put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith' articulated salvation's essential principle. The cleansing comes through faith alone, not through law-keeping or ritual observance. This 'no difference' between Jew and Gentile became foundational to Paul's theology (Romans 3:22-23) and remains Christianity's core claim.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(9) **And put no difference between us and them.**—It is obvious that this implies the most entire acceptance of the teaching which St. Paul had privately communicated to the three who were as the pillars of the Church (Galatians 2:9). In Romans 10:12 we have almost the very words of St. Peter reproduced.
**Purifying their hearts by faith.**—The addition of these words is very suggestive. It was n...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**5-6. prayer was made without ceasing--**rather, "instant," "earnest," "urgent" (Margin); as in Lu 22:44; Ac 26:7; and 1Pe 4:8 (see Greek).
**of the church unto God for him--**not in public assembly, for it was evidently not safe to meet thus; but in little groups in private houses, one of which was Mary's (Ac 12:12). And this was kept up during all the days of unleavened bread.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?
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KJV Study Commentary
Peter's question - 'why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?' - powerfully argues against legalism. Adding law-keeping to faith 'tempts God' by testing whether grace really suffices. Peter's admission that Jews themselves couldn't bear the law's yoke demonstrates its purpose: revealing sin and driving us to Christ (Galatian...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(10) **Why tempt ye God.**—To tempt God was to make the experiment whether His will, manifested in the acceptance of the Gentiles, or man’s will, resenting and resisting it, was the stronger of the two. Nothing but defeat and condemnation could be the issue of such a trial.
**To put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples.**—No words of St. Paul’s, in relation to the Law, could be stronger or cleare...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7-11. the angel of the Lord--**rather, "an angel."
**came upon him--**so in Lu 2:9, expressive of the unexpected nature of the visit.
**smote Peter on the side ... Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off ... Gird thyself ... And so he did ... Cast thy garment--**tunic, which he had thrown off for the night.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they</strong>—Peter's statement inverts the expected formula: rather than Gentiles being saved like Jews, Jews are saved like Gentiles—by grace alone, apart from law-keeping. <strong>Through the grace</strong> (διὰ τῆς χάριτος) emphasizes salvation's unmerited nature; 'Lord Jesus Christ' uses the full...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(11) **We believe that through the grace . . .**—This comes, in what we may well regard as a summary of St. Peter’s speech, as the closing argument. The Pharisee might regard the Law as binding, but even he, if he believed in Christ, was compelled to confess that his hope of salvation was found in the work of Christ as the Saviour; and if so, then, as regards that hope, Jew and Gentile were on the...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7-11. the angel of the Lord--**rather, "an angel."
**came upon him--**so in Lu 2:9, expressive of the unexpected nature of the visit.
**smote Peter on the side ... Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off ... Gird thyself ... And so he did ... Cast thy garment--**tunic, which he had thrown off for the night.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.
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KJV Study Commentary
The multitude's silence before Barnabas and Paul's testimony demonstrates respect for apostolic witness and hunger for truth. They rehearsed 'miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles' - the Greek 'sēmeia kai terata' (signs and wonders) authenticated the Gentile mission. God's miraculous confirmation of Gentile inclusion settled the theological question.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(12) **And gave audience to Barnabas and Paul.**—The leaders of the Church had clearly reserved their part in the debate to the last, and the two Apostles of the Gentiles were now called on to repeat more publicly what they had already narrated to the Apostles and elders (Acts 15:4). It was, perhaps, with a special view to the character of their hearers that they laid stress on the “signs and wond...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7-11. the angel of the Lord--**rather, "an angel."
**came upon him--**so in Lu 2:9, expressive of the unexpected nature of the visit.
**smote Peter on the side ... Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off ... Gird thyself ... And so he did ... Cast thy garment--**tunic, which he had thrown off for the night.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me:
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KJV Study Commentary
James (the Lord's brother and Jerusalem church leader) rose to give the decisive judgment. His leadership role shows the transition from Peter's early prominence to James's position as head of the Jerusalem church. The Greek 'apekrithē' (answered) implies authoritative pronouncement. James would synthesize Peter's testimony, Paul's report, and scriptural evidence into a binding decision.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(13) **James answered.**—The position which James the brother of the Lord (see Notes on Acts 12:17; and Matthew 12:46; Matthew 13:55) occupies in the Council is clearly that of pre-eminence, justifying the title of Bishop of Jerusalem, which later writers give him. No one speaks after him; he sum up the whole debate; he proposes the decree which is to be submitted to the Council for approval.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7-11. the angel of the Lord--**rather, "an angel."
**came upon him--**so in Lu 2:9, expressive of the unexpected nature of the visit.
**smote Peter on the side ... Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off ... Gird thyself ... And so he did ... Cast thy garment--**tunic, which he had thrown off for the night.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →Simeon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.
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KJV Study Commentary
James uses Peter's Hebrew name 'Simeon,' emphasizing continuity with Jewish faith while acknowledging Gentile inclusion. He summarizes Peter's account of God's visitation to 'take out of them a people for his name.' The Greek 'laos' (people) - previously reserved for Israel - now includes Gentiles. This demonstrates that the church, not ethnic Israel, is God's chosen people in the New Covenant.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(14) **Simeon hath declared . . .**—The Greek form is *Symeon, *as in 2Peter 1:1. The use of the old Hebrew form of the Apostle’s name, instead of the more familiar Simon, was natural in the Galilean speaker, and is presumptive evidence in favour of our having a report from notes made at the time.
**Did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people.**—The two words present an emphatic contrast....
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7-11. the angel of the Lord--**rather, "an angel."
**came upon him--**so in Lu 2:9, expressive of the unexpected nature of the visit.
**smote Peter on the side ... Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off ... Gird thyself ... And so he did ... Cast thy garment--**tunic, which he had thrown off for the night.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,
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KJV Study Commentary
James declares 'to this agree the words of the prophets' - the gospel to Gentiles fulfills rather than contradicts Old Testament Scripture. This hermeneutical principle is crucial: the New Testament interprets and fulfills the Old. James will quote Amos 9:11-12 to prove that Gentile inclusion was always God's plan.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(15) **To this agree the words of the prophets.**—On the mode of quoting without naming the prophet, see Note on Acts 13:40.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--**who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas (Col 4:10) was a person of substance (Ac 4:37). She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [Webster and Wilkinson]. To such a house it was natural that Pet...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David</strong>—James quotes Amos 9:11-12 (LXX) at the Jerusalem Council to justify Gentile inclusion without circumcision. The Greek σκηνήν (<em>skēnēn</em>, tabernacle/tent) refers to David's fallen dynasty. The verb ἀνοικοδομήσω (<em>anoikodomēsō</em>, I will rebuild) emphasizes God's sovereign restoration, not human effort...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(16) **After this I will return.**—It is a fact not without interest that the prophet from whom these words are taken (Amos 9:11-12) had been already quoted by Stephen (Acts 7:42). Those who then listened to him had, we may believe, been led to turn to the writings of Amos, and to find in them meanings which had hitherto been latent. The fact that the inference drawn from the passage mainly turns ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--**who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas (Col 4:10) was a person of substance (Ac 4:37). She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [Webster and Wilkinson]. To such a house it was natural that Pet...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called , saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.
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KJV Study Commentary
James quotes Amos 9:11-12 to demonstrate that Gentile inclusion was prophesied in Scripture. The phrase <strong>ὅπως ἂν ἐκζητήσωσιν</strong> (hopōs an ekzētēsōsin, 'so that they might seek') expresses divine purpose—God's plan always included the nations. The term <strong>οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀνθρώπων</strong> (hoi kataloipoi tōn anthrōpōn, 'the remnant of mankind') echoes prophetic language about a ...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(17) **That the residue of men . . .**—The Hebrew gives, as in our version, “That they may possess the remnant of Edom and of all the heathen which are called by my name.” The LXX. translators either paraphrased the passage, so as to give a wider and more general view of its teaching, or followed a reading in which the Hebrew for “man” (*Adam*) took the place of Edom. It will be seen that the argu...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--**who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas (Col 4:10) was a person of substance (Ac 4:37). She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [Webster and Wilkinson]. To such a house it was natural that Pet...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.
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KJV Study Commentary
God's works have been 'known unto God from the beginning of the world' (Greek 'ap' aiōnos' - from eternity). This affirms God's exhaustive foreknowledge and sovereign plan. Gentile inclusion wasn't an afterthought or plan B - it was God's eternal purpose. This settles the theological question: what God eternally purposed cannot be wrong.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(18) **Known unto God are all his works.**—The better MSS. give “all His work”—*i.e., *the great work of the government and education of mankind. The words are an implicit answer to the charge of innovation. If the work were of God, it could not be so called, for His mercies are everlasting, and the work which He carries on now must be thought of as contemplated and purposed from eternity. The pri...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--**who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas (Col 4:10) was a person of substance (Ac 4:37). She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [Webster and Wilkinson]. To such a house it was natural that Pet...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God:
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KJV Study Commentary
James's judgment - 'we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God' - concluded that Gentile conversion didn't require Jewish cultural conformity. His minimal requirements (verse 20) addressed practical fellowship concerns rather than salvation requirements. This decision preserved gospel purity while respecting cultural sensitivities, providing wisdom for contextualization d...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(19) **Wherefore my sentence is.**—Literally, *Wherefore I judge.* The tone is that of one who speaks with authority, but what follows is not given as a decree, but as a resolution which was submitted to the judgment of the Apostles and elders. (Comp. Acts 16:4.)
**That we trouble not them.**—The verb is not found elsewhere in the New Testament, and expresses the idea of “worrying” or “harassing.”...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--**who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas (Col 4:10) was a person of substance (Ac 4:37). She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [Webster and Wilkinson]. To such a house it was natural that Pet...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.
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KJV Study Commentary
<strong>The Jerusalem Council's Decision:</strong> This verse records the apostolic decree addressing Gentile believers' relationship to Mosaic Law. The Greek word <em>ἀπέχεσθαι</em> (apechesthai, "abstain") means to hold oneself away from, indicating active avoidance rather than passive non-participation. <strong>Four Prohibitions:</strong> (1) <em>ἀλισγημάτων τῶν εἰδώλων</em> (alisgēmatōn tōn ei...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(20) **But that we write unto them.**—The grounds on which the measure thus defined was proposed are not far to seek. (1) It was of the nature of a compromise. The Gentiles could not complain that the burden imposed on them was anything very grievous. The Pharisee section of the Church could not refuse admission to those who fulfilled these conditions, when they had admitted the proselytes of the ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**12-17. he came to the house of Mary, &c.--**who "must have had a house of some pretensions to receive a large number; and, accordingly, we read that her brother Barnabas (Col 4:10) was a person of substance (Ac 4:37). She must also have been distinguished for faith and courage to allow such a meeting in the face of persecution" [Webster and Wilkinson]. To such a house it was natural that Pet...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.
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KJV Study Commentary
James notes that Moses is 'read in the synagogues every sabbath day,' acknowledging Jewish believers' continued connection to their heritage. However, this doesn't mean Gentiles must become Jews. Rather, James will propose minimal restrictions for Gentile-Jewish fellowship, removing stumbling blocks while maintaining gospel freedom.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(21) **For Moses of old time.**—Literally, *of ancient generations.* The conjunction gives the reason for writing to the Gentiles, and giving them these injunctions. The Jews, who heard the Law in their synagogues every Sabbath, did not need instruction. It might be taken for granted that they would adhere to the rules now specified. So, in Acts 15:23, the encyclical letter is addressed exclusivel...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**18-19. as soon as it was day, &c.--**His deliverance must have been during the fourth watch (three to six A.M.); else he must have been missed by the keepers at the change of the watch [Wies].
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 7-21**
We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Sp...
Read full commentary →The Council's Letter to Gentile Believers
Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:
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KJV Study Commentary
The apostles, elders, and whole church chose representatives to accompany Paul and Barnabas to Antioch. This demonstrates church government through leadership and congregational consent. Judas (Barsabas) and Silas, 'chief men among the brethren,' would confirm the council's decision. Their involvement ensured the letter's authenticity and authority.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(22) **The apostles and elders, with the whole church.**—The latter words are important, as showing the position occupied by the laity. If they concurred in the letter, it must have been submitted to their approval, and the right to approve involves the power to reject and, probably, to modify. It is probable enough, as in the analogous constitution of Greek republics above referred to (see Note o...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**18-19. as soon as it was day, &c.--**His deliverance must have been during the fourth watch (three to six A.M.); else he must have been missed by the keepers at the change of the watch [Wies].
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia:
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KJV Study Commentary
The letter addresses 'the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia,' affirming their full status as brothers despite not being circumcised. The formal greeting emphasizes unity in Christ transcending ethnic boundaries. This written decree would prevent future Judaizers from claiming Jerusalem's authority.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(23) **And they wrote letters by them.**—Literally, *wrote letters by their hands.* What follows, unless we assume a deliberate fraud, is clearly the transcript of a document—the first in the long list of decrees and canons and encyclical letters which mark the Church’s history.
**The apostles and elders and brethren.**—The MSS. present a singular variation of readings, some of the earliest omitti...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
Ac 12:20-25. Herod's Miserable End--Growing Success of the Gospel--Barnabas and Saul Return to Antioch.
**20. Herod was ... displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon--**for some reason unknown; but the effect on their commercial relations made the latter glad to sue for peace.
**their country was nourished by the king's country--**See 1Ki 5:11; Ezr 3:7; Eze 27:17. Perhaps the famine (Ac 11:28) mad...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →Forasmuch as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:
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KJV Study Commentary
The council acknowledges that 'certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls.' The Greek 'anaskeuazō' (subvert, unsettle) shows the destructive nature of false teaching. Importantly, these troublers went out 'to whom we gave no such commandment,' disclaiming any official authorization for their legalism.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(24) **Certain which went out from us.**—The reference is obviously to the teachers (their names are wisely and charitably suppressed) who had appeared at Antioch, as in Acts 15:1. St. John, who was present at the Council (Galatians 2:9), and who, though he took no part in the debate, may well have had a share in drawing up the letter, uses a like mode of speech, “They went out from us, but they w...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**21. And upon a set day Herod ... made an oration unto them--**to the Tyrians and Sidonians especially.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul,
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KJV Study Commentary
The phrase 'being assembled with one accord' (Greek 'homothymadon' - with one mind/passion) emphasizes the Spirit-led unity achieved through careful deliberation. Their unanimous decision demonstrates that the Spirit guides the church into truth through corporate discernment, not individual interpretation alone.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(25) **Being assembled with one accord.**—Literally, *being of one mind, unanimously.*
**To send chosen men unto you.**—Literally, *to choose men and send them unto you.* The men, are, of course, Barsabas and Silas.
**With our beloved Barnabas and Paul.**—The order in which the names stand is, perhaps, characteristic of the Church of Jerusalem, to whom Barnabas was still the more conspicuous teach...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**22-23. the people gave a shout, &c.--**Josephus' account of his death is remarkably similar to this [Antiquities, 19.8.2]. Several cases of such deaths occur in history. Thus was this wretched man nearer his end than he of whom he had thought to make a public spectacle.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul and Barnabas are commended as 'men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.' The Greek 'paradedōkosi' (have delivered up, risked) describes willing self-sacrifice. This apostolic commendation validated their ministry and refuted the Judaizers' accusations. Gospel ministers are authenticated by suffering for Christ's sake.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(26) **Men that have** **hazarded their lives.**—It is clear from this that the narrative of the hairbreadth escapes at the Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13:50) and Lystra (Acts 14:19) must have been laid before the Church. Prominence is given to the fact as likely to secure reverence for those whom many had hitherto regarded with distrust.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**22-23. the people gave a shout, &c.--**Josephus' account of his death is remarkably similar to this [Antiquities, 19.8.2]. Several cases of such deaths occur in history. Thus was this wretched man nearer his end than he of whom he had thought to make a public spectacle.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth. mouth: Gr. word
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KJV Study Commentary
Judas and Silas would 'tell you the same things by mouth' (literally 'by word of mouth'), confirming the written decree through personal testimony. This dual witness - written and oral - ensured clarity and prevented misinterpretation. The early church valued both inscripturated truth and personal exposition.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**24. But the word grew, &c.--**that is, Not only was the royal representative ignominiously swept from the stage, while his intended victim was spared to the Church, but the cause which he and his Jewish instigators sought to crush was only furthered and glorified. How full of encouragement and consolation is all this to the Christian Church in every age!
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;
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KJV Study Commentary
The Council's decision formula 'it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us' shows remarkable balance between divine guidance and human discernment. The directive to lay 'no greater burden' on Gentiles than necessary minimal requirements (food laws, sexual purity) protected unity while respecting Jewish sensibilities. This decision liberated Gentile Christianity from Jewish ceremonial law.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(28) **It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us . . .**—The measure was, the Apostles were persuaded, one of wisdom and charity, and they could not ascribe those gifts to any other source than the Spirit who gives a right judgment in all things. The words have since become almost a formula for the decrees of councils and synods, often used most recklessly when those decrees bore most clearly th...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**25. Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem--**where, it thus appears, they had remained during all this persecution.
**when they had fulfilled their ministry--**or service; that mentioned on Ac 11:29, 30.
**took with them John ... Mark--**(See on Ac 12:12), not to be confounded with the second Evangelist, as is often done. As his uncle was Barnabas, so his spiritual father was Peter (1Pe ...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.
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KJV Study Commentary
The council requires abstention from 'meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication.' These prohibitions aren't salvific requirements but practical wisdom for Jewish-Gentile fellowship. Three relate to food laws (idolatry, blood, strangling), one to sexual morality. The letter promises 'ye shall do well,' not 'ye shall be saved' - distinguishing justificat...
Read full commentary →Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(29) **From meats offered to idols.**—The specific term takes the place of the more general word which St. James had used. The change, if the two words were not used, as is possible, as altogether equivalent, may be thought of as favouring the Gentiles by narrowing the prohibition to a single point.
**Fare ye well.**—The closing salutation was, like the opening, a Greek and not a Hebrew one. It me...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:
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KJV Study Commentary
The delegation 'came to Antioch' and 'gathered the multitude together' to deliver the letter. This public reading ensured transparency and prevented selective interpretation. The 'multitude' hearing together fostered unity and corporate understanding of the council's decision.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(30) **When they were dismissed, they came to Antioch.**—It is natural, in the absence of anything to the contrary, to infer that they returned, as they had come, through Samaria and Phœnicia, and gladdened the hearts of the disciples there by telling them of the triumph which had been won at Jerusalem for the cause of freedom.
**They delivered the epistle.**—We can picture to ourselves the eager ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
CHAPTER 13
PAUL'S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY: In Company with Barnabas. Ac 13:1-14:28.
Ac 13:1-3. Barnabas and Saul, Divinely Called to Labor among the Gentiles, Are Set Apart and Sent Forth by the Church at Antioch.
The first seven chapters of this book might be entitled, The Church among the Jews; the next five (chapters eight through twelve), The Church in Transition from Jews to Gentiles; a...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation. consolation: or, exhortation
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KJV Study Commentary
The Gentiles 'rejoiced for the consolation' (Greek 'paraklēsis' - encouragement, exhortation). This joy stemmed from knowing they were fully accepted without circumcision. The letter's affirmation liberated them from legalistic burdens and confirmed salvation by grace alone. True doctrine produces joy.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(31) **They rejoiced for the consolation.**—We ought not to forget that the letter was probably read out by one who was himself emphatically “the son of consolation” (Acts 4:36) in all the manifold aspects of that word, and who now proved himself worthy of the name.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**2. As they ministered to the Lord--**The word denotes the performance of official duties of any kind, and was used to express the priestly functions under the Old Testament. Here it signifies the corresponding ministrations of the Christian Church.
**and fasted--**As this was done in other cases on special occasions (Ac 13:3, 14, 23), it is not improbable that they had been led to expect some ...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →And Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.
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KJV Study Commentary
Judas and Silas, being 'prophets also themselves,' exhorted and confirmed the brethren 'with many words.' The gift of prophecy included both revelation and edification. Their extended ministry shows that the council's decision required pastoral application and explanation. Truth must be not only declared but also applied.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(32) **Judas and Silas, being prophets also themselves.**—See Note on Acts 15:22.
**Exhorted.**—The verb is that from which the Greek for “consolation” was formed, and includes that meaning here. This was the chief end to which the gift of prophecy was directed. The two teachers thus showed that they had not come only as formal representatives of the Church in Jerusalem, but took a personal intere...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**3. laid their hands on them--**(See on Ac 6:6)--"recommending them to the grace of God for the work which they had to fulfil" (Ac 14:26).
**sent them away--**with the double call--of the Spirit first, and next of the Church. So clothed, their mission is thus described: "They being sent forth by the Holy Ghost." Have we not here for all time the true principle of appointment to sacred offices?
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.
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KJV Study Commentary
After tarrying 'a space,' Judas and Silas were 'let go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.' The phrase 'in peace' (Greek 'eirēnē') indicates reconciliation and unity. What began as serious conflict ended in fellowship. The gospel rightly understood produces peace among God's people.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(33) **Unto the apostles.**—The better MSS. have simply, “to those that had sent them,” and omit Acts 15:34, which was probably added by a later copyist to explain the fact mentioned in Acts 15:40.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
Ac 13:4-12. Arriving in Cyprus They Preach in the Synagogues of Salamis--At Paphos, Elymas Is Struck Blind, and the Governor of the Island Is Converted.
**4-5. departed unto Seleucia--**the seaport of Antioch, from which it lay nearly due west fifteen miles, and five from the Mediterranean shore, on the river Orontes.
**thence sailed to Cyprus--**whose high mountain summits are easily seen in c...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still.
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KJV Study Commentary
This verse (appearing in some manuscripts) notes that Silas chose to remain in Antioch. His decision to stay would prove providential - when Paul needed a new companion after separating from Barnabas, Silas was available. God's sovereignty works through human choices to accomplish His purposes.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
Ac 13:4-12. Arriving in Cyprus They Preach in the Synagogues of Salamis--At Paphos, Elymas Is Struck Blind, and the Governor of the Island Is Converted.
**4-5. departed unto Seleucia--**the seaport of Antioch, from which it lay nearly due west fifteen miles, and five from the Mediterranean shore, on the river Orontes.
**thence sailed to Cyprus--**whose high mountain summits are easily seen in c...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul and Barnabas 'continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.' The combination of 'teaching' (didaskō - systematic instruction) and 'preaching' (euangelizō - proclaiming good news) represents comprehensive ministry. The involvement of 'many others' shows the multi-elder pattern in early churches.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(35) **Preaching the word of the Lord.**—Here, as often elsewhere, *preaching the glad tidings of the word.*
**With many others.**—Among these we may fairly reckon the prophets of Acts 13:1. Looking to the later history of the Church of Antioch, it is not improbable that we may think also of the martyr Ignatius, and Euodius, afterwards Bishop of Antioch, as among those who were thus active, though...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**6. when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos--**on the opposite or west side of the island, about one hundred miles by land, along the south coast; the Roman capital, where the governor resided.
**they found a ... sorcerer--**one of a numerous class of impostors who, at this time of general unbelief, were encouraged even by cultivated Romans.
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 22-35**
Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hea...
Read full commentary →Paul and Barnabas Separate
And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul proposes to Barnabas, 'Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.' This pastoral concern for young churches demonstrates apostolic responsibility. The phrase 'see how they do' shows that evangelism must be followed by discipleship and oversight.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(36) **And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas.**—The commonly received chronology of the Acts makes the interval between the Council of Jerusalem and St. Paul’s second missionary journey somewhat more than a year.
**Let us go again.**—The proposal was characteristic of one whose heart was ever full of “the care of all the churches” (2Corinthians 11:28), ever making mention of them in his pray...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**7. Which was with the deputy--**properly, "the proconsul." This name was reserved for the governors of settled provinces, which were placed under the Roman Senate, and is never given in the New Testament to Pilate, Felix, or Festus, who were but procurators, or subordinate administrators of unsettled, imperial, military provinces. Now as Augustus reserved Cyprus for himself, its governor would i...
Read full commentary →Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 36-41**
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them without their kno...
Read full commentary →And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.
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KJV Study Commentary
Barnabas 'determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.' The word 'determined' (Greek 'bouleuō') indicates firm intention. Barnabas saw potential in Mark despite his earlier failure. This grace-oriented approach would ultimately be vindicated - Mark later became useful to Paul (2 Tim. 4:11).
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(37) **Barnabas determined.**—The Greek verb is hardly so strong, better, *was minded.* The ties of relationship led the uncle, or cousin, to wish to make another trial of his kinsman’s fitness (Colossians 4:10). He saw extenuating circumstances which St. Paul could not recognise, and which half-excused his turning back when he had set his hand to the plough. (See Note on Acts 13:13.) To St. Paul ...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-12. But Elymas--**or "the wise."
**for so is his name by interpretation--**the word is from the Arabic.
**withstood them--**perceiving, probably, how eagerly the proconsul was drinking in the word, and fearing a dismissal. (Compare 2Ti 3:8).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 36-41**
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them without their kno...
Read full commentary →But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul 'thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.' Paul's concern was mission effectiveness - Mark had proven unreliable. While Barnabas emphasized grace and restoration, Paul prioritized faithfulness and perseverance. Both perspectives have biblical merit.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-12. But Elymas--**or "the wise."
**for so is his name by interpretation--**the word is from the Arabic.
**withstood them--**perceiving, probably, how eagerly the proconsul was drinking in the word, and fearing a dismissal. (Compare 2Ti 3:8).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 36-41**
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them without their kno...
Read full commentary →And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other : and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus;
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KJV Study Commentary
The 'contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder.' The Greek 'paroxysmos' (sharp disagreement) describes intense conflict. Even godly leaders can disagree strongly. Rather than force artificial unity, they separated into two missionary teams, doubling their gospel impact. God's sovereignty turns human conflict into kingdom advance.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(39) **And the contention was so sharp between them, that . . .**—Literally, *there was a sharp contention, *(or *paroxysm*)*, so that* . . . The warmth of previous affection, of a friendship begun probably in boyhood, and cemented by new hopes, and a great work in which both were sharers, made the breach between the two more painful. At this stage, both Barnabas and Mark disappear from the histor...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-12. But Elymas--**or "the wise."
**for so is his name by interpretation--**the word is from the Arabic.
**withstood them--**perceiving, probably, how eagerly the proconsul was drinking in the word, and fearing a dismissal. (Compare 2Ti 3:8).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 36-41**
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them without their kno...
Read full commentary →And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul 'chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.' Silas's selection as Paul's new companion proved strategic - as a Roman citizen (Acts 16:37) and prophet (Acts 15:32), he was well-qualified for Gentile ministry. The church's commendation shows their support despite the recent conflict.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(40) **Paul chose Silas.**—It is clear from this, even if we reject Acts 15:34 as an interpolation, that Silas had remained when the other delegates from the Church of Jerusalem went back. This in itself was a proof of his interest in the mission-work among the Gentiles, and no one, perhaps, could be found so well fitted to fill the place of Barnabas. He too had the gift of prophetic utterance, an...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-12. But Elymas--**or "the wise."
**for so is his name by interpretation--**the word is from the Arabic.
**withstood them--**perceiving, probably, how eagerly the proconsul was drinking in the word, and fearing a dismissal. (Compare 2Ti 3:8).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 36-41**
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them without their kno...
Read full commentary →And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.
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KJV Study Commentary
Paul 'went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.' The verb 'confirming' (Greek 'epistērizō') means strengthening, establishing, making firm. This pastoral follow-up demonstrates that Paul's evangelistic zeal was matched by concern for church stability. Gospel proclamation must be accompanied by doctrinal grounding.
Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers
(41) **He went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches.**—Cilicia, it will be remembered, had not been visited on St. Paul’s first journey with Barnabas, and the churches must accordingly have been founded at some earlier period, probably during St. Paul’s residence at Tarsus before he came to Antioch (Acts 9:30; Acts 11:25).
**Confirming** is, it need hardly be said, used in the genera...
Read full commentary →Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
**8-12. But Elymas--**or "the wise."
**for so is his name by interpretation--**the word is from the Arabic.
**withstood them--**perceiving, probably, how eagerly the proconsul was drinking in the word, and fearing a dismissal. (Compare 2Ti 3:8).
Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary
**Verses 36-41**
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them without their kno...
Read full commentary →