About Acts

Acts records the birth and growth of the church through the power of the Holy Spirit from Jerusalem to Rome.

Author: LukeWritten: c. AD 62-64Reading time: ~5 minVerses: 41
Holy SpiritWitnessChurch GrowthMissionPersecutionUnity

King James Version

Acts 19

41 verses with commentary

Paul in Ephesus

And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding certain disciples,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus</strong>—After ministering in the highland regions of Asia Minor, Paul reached Ephesus, the capital of proconsular Asia and hub of pagan worship centered on Artemis's temple. <strong>Finding certain disciples</strong> (μαθητάς τινας) introduces a puzzling group who knew of Jesus but lacked full apostolic instruction. Their incompl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

**XIX.** (1) **Paul having passed through the upper coasts.**—This implies a route passing from Galatia and Phrygia through the interior, and coming thence to Ephesus. The “coast,” in the modern sense of the term, St. Paul did not even approach.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31-33. they rejoiced for the consolation--**As the same word is in Ac 15:31 properly rendered "exhorted," the meaning probably is "rejoiced for the exhortation" (Margin), or advice; so wise in itself and so contrary to the imposition attempted to be practiced upon them by the Judaizers.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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He said unto them, Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul's question - 'Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?' - revealed these Ephesian disciples' incomplete understanding. Their response 'We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost' indicated they were disciples of John rather than fully Christian believers. This encounter shows the transition from John's preparatory ministry to Christian fullness.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?**—Better, as connecting the two facts in the English as in the Greek, *Did ye receive the Holy Ghost when ye believed?*—*i.e., *on your conversion and baptism. We are left to conjecture what prompted the question. The most natural explanation is that St. Paul noticed in them, as they attended the meetings of the Church, a want of spiritual g...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34-35. it pleased Silas--**Silas determined. **to abide there still--**(The authorities against the insertion of this verse are strong. It may have been afterwards added to explain Ac 15:40). Doubtless the attraction to Antioch for Silas was Paul's presence there, to whom he seems to have now formed that permanent attachment which the sequel of this book and Paul's Epistles show to have existe...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye baptized? And they said, Unto John's baptism.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Unto what then were ye baptized?</strong>—Paul's diagnostic question exposes the gap between John's preparatory baptism and Christian baptism in Jesus' name. The phrase <strong>John's baptism</strong> (τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου) referred to the baptism of repentance pointing forward to Messiah, valid in its time but now superseded by the reality it anticipated. These disciples remained in the pr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Unto what then were ye baptized?**—The answer of the disciples had shown (1) an imperfect instruction, falling short of that which catechumens ordinarily received before they were admitted to the new birth by water and the Spirit; (2) an imperfect spiritual experience. Could those who made it have been admitted into the Church of Christ by baptism in His name? The answer to that question sho...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**34-35. it pleased Silas--**Silas determined. **to abide there still--**(The authorities against the insertion of this verse are strong. It may have been afterwards added to explain Ac 15:40). Doubtless the attraction to Antioch for Silas was Paul's presence there, to whom he seems to have now formed that permanent attachment which the sequel of this book and Paul's Epistles show to have existe...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance</strong>—Paul carefully explains John's role as forerunner, whose baptism called for moral reformation (μετάνοια, metanoia—change of mind) while directing people toward <strong>him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus</strong>. The Greek construction emphasizes John's explicit instruction: believe (πιστεύσωσιν) on the Com...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance.**—The words may fairly be regarded as giving the summary of what was actually a fuller teaching. The distinctive point in it was that the baptism of John was, by his own declaration, simply provisional and preparatory. He taught his disciples to believe in Jesus, and belief implied obedience, and obedience baptism in His name. It is not wi...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ac 15:36-46. Dissension between Paul and Barnabas--They Part Company to Prosecute Separate Missionary Tours. **36. And some days after--**How long is a matter of conjecture. **Paul said to Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren--**the true reading is, "the brethren." **in every city where we have preached ... and see how they do--**whether they were advancing or declining, &amp;c.: ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus</strong>—The immediate response demonstrates genuine conversion's eagerness to align with revealed truth. Baptism <strong>in the name of the Lord Jesus</strong> (εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ) signifies baptism into Christ's authority and ownership, confessing Him as Lord and Messiah. The Greek preposition εἰς (into) su...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **They were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.**—On the use of this formula in connection with the baptism of Jewish converts, see Notes on Acts 2:38; Matthew 28:19.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**37. Barnabas determined to take with them John ... Mark--**his nephew (Col 4:10).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied.

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KJV Study Commentary

When Paul laid hands on them, 'the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied.' This Pentecost-like experience authenticated their transition from John's baptism to Christian faith. Speaking in tongues and prophesying demonstrated the Spirit's presence, paralleling Acts 2 (Jews), 10 (Gentiles), and now transitional disciples. The Spirit's visible manifestation confirmed d...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **They spake with tongues, and prophesied.**—Better, *they were speaking with tongues and prophesying, *the verbs implying continuous action. As to the nature and relation of the two gifts, see Notes on Acts 2:4; Acts 10:46. Here all the facts of the case confirm the view which has there been stated. The mere power of speaking foreign languages without learning them, as other men learn, seems ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**38. But Paul thought not good to take him with them who departed from them--**that is, who had departed; but the word is stronger than this--"who stood aloof" or "turned away" from them. **from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work--**the work yet before them. The allusion is to what is recorded in Ac 13:13 (see on Ac 13:13).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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And all the men were about twelve.

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KJV Study Commentary

Luke notes 'all the men were about twelve.' This small number reminds us that God works through remnants. The twelve men parallel the twelve apostles, suggesting a new beginning for Ephesian ministry. Significant movements often start with small, faithful groups.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **And all the men were about twelve.**—Better, *The men were in all about twelve.* The whole narrative seems to imply that they were not individual cases, occurring here and there from time to time, but were living together as a kind of ascetic community, attending the meetings of the Church, yet not sharing the fulness of its life.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**39. And the contention was so sharp between them--**such was the "irritation," or "exacerbation." **that they departed asunder one from the other--**Said they not truly to the Lystrians that they were "men of like passions with them"; (Ac 14:15). But who was to blame? (1) That John Mark had either tired of the work or shrunk from the dangers and fatigues that yet lay before them, was undeniabl...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 19 Chapter Outline Christ condemned and crucified.(1-18) Christ on the cross.(19-30) His side pierced.(31-37) The burial of Jesus.(38-42) **Verses 1-18** Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to th...
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And he went into the synagogue, and spake boldly for the space of three months, disputing and persuading the things concerning the kingdom of God.

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KJV Study Commentary

Paul 'went into the synagogue, and spake boldly for the space of three months, disputing and persuading the things concerning the kingdom of God.' The combination of 'disputing' (Greek 'dialegomai' - reasoned dialogue) and 'persuading' (Greek 'peithō' - convincing) shows Paul's method: intellectual engagement aimed at conversion. Three months of sustained teaching demonstrates patient, thorough mi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Spake boldly for the space of three months.**—We pause for a moment to think of the amount of work of all kinds implied in this short record. The daily labour as a tent-maker went on as before (Acts 20:34), probably still in partnership with Aquila and Priscilla. The Sabbaths saw him evening and morning in the synagogue preaching, as he had done elsewhere, that Jesus was the Christ, and sett...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**40. and departed, being recommended ... to the grace of God--**(No doubt by some solemn service; see Ac 13:3), as in Ac 14:26. It does not follow from the historian's silence that Barnabas was not so recommended, too; for this is the last mention of Barnabas in the history, whose sole object now is to relate the proceedings of Paul. Nor does it seem quite fair (with De Wette, Meyer, Howson, Alfo...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-12** When arguments and persuasions only harden men in unbelief and blasphemy, we must separate ourselves and others from such unholy company. God was pleased to confirm the teaching of these holy men of old, that if their hearers believed them not, they might believe the works.

But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the disciples, disputing daily in the school of one Tyrannus.

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KJV Study Commentary

When 'divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude,' Paul 'departed from them, and separated the disciples.' This separation from the synagogue marked Christianity's emergence as distinct from Judaism. Paul's withdrawal prevented unbelievers from hindering believers' growth. Sometimes separation is necessary for gospel advance.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **When divers were hardened and believed not.**—Better (the verb implying continuous action), *when some were growing hardened and disobedient.* **Spake evil of that way before the multitude.**—Better, as before, *of the way.* (See Note on Acts 9:2.) The unbelieving Jews acted at Ephesus as at Thessalonica, and tried to wreak their hatred against St. Paul by stirring up suspicion among the Gen...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**41. and he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches--**"It is very likely that Paul and Barnabas made a deliberate and amicable arrangement to divide the region of their first mission between them; Paul taking the continental, and Barnabas the insular, part of the proposed visitation. If Barnabas visited Salamis and Paphos, and if Paul (travelling westward), after passing through ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-12** When arguments and persuasions only harden men in unbelief and blasphemy, we must separate ourselves and others from such unholy company. God was pleased to confirm the teaching of these holy men of old, that if their hearers believed them not, they might believe the works.

And this continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.

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KJV Study Commentary

'This continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.' Two years of daily teaching in Tyrannus's hall evangelized the entire province. From Ephesus, disciples carried the gospel throughout Asia Minor, planting the seven churches of Revelation 2-3. Concentrated teaching in strategic locations catalyzes regional evange...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **So that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.**—Here also there is a gap which can only be partially filled up by inference or conjecture. Ephesus, probably, came to be the centre of St. Paul’s activity, from which journeys were made to neighbouring cities; and hence we may legitimately think of the other six churches of Revelation 2, 3 as owin...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-12** When arguments and persuasions only harden men in unbelief and blasphemy, we must separate ourselves and others from such unholy company. God was pleased to confirm the teaching of these holy men of old, that if their hearers believed them not, they might believe the works.

The Sons of Sceva

And God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul:

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KJV Study Commentary

'God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul' - the Greek 'dynameōn ou tas tychousas' means 'not ordinary miracles.' These extraordinary signs authenticated Paul's apostolic ministry and demonstrated Christ's superiority over Ephesian magic and occult practices. Divine power confronted demonic power.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **And God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul.**—The Greek phrase is negative: *no common works of power*—not such as one might meet with any day. (See Note on Acts 28:2, where the same phrase recurs.) The noun is that which was technically used by physicians for the healing “powers” or “virtues” of this or that remedy, and is so far, though used freely by other writers, characteris...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 16 PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. Ac 15:41-18:22. Ac 15:41-16:5. Visitation of the Churches Formerly Established, Timotheus Here Joining the Missionary Party. **41. he went through Syria and Cilicia--**(See on Ac 15:23). Taking probably the same route as when despatched in haste from Jerusalem to Tarsus, he then went by land (see on Ac 9:30). **1-5. Then came he to Derbe and Ly...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-12** When arguments and persuasions only harden men in unbelief and blasphemy, we must separate ourselves and others from such unholy company. God was pleased to confirm the teaching of these holy men of old, that if their hearers believed them not, they might believe the works.

So that from his body were brought unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out of them.

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KJV Study Commentary

'From his body were brought unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out of them.' These secondary relics (items touched by Paul) conveyed healing power. While unusual, this demonstrates God's sovereignty in using whatever means He chooses. However, this isn't normative - it was unique to apostolic ministry in a context saturated with ma...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **So that from his body were brought unto the sick handkerchiefs or aprons.**—Both words are, in the original, transliterated from the Latin, the former being *sudaria, *used to wipe off sweat from brow or face; the latter *semicincta, *the short aprons worn by artisans as they worked. We ask how St. Luke, passing over two years of labour in a few words, came to dwell so fully on these specia...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 16 PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. Ac 15:41-18:22. Ac 15:41-16:5. Visitation of the Churches Formerly Established, Timotheus Here Joining the Missionary Party. **41. he went through Syria and Cilicia--**(See on Ac 15:23). Taking probably the same route as when despatched in haste from Jerusalem to Tarsus, he then went by land (see on Ac 9:30). **1-5. Then came he to Derbe and Ly...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-12** When arguments and persuasions only harden men in unbelief and blasphemy, we must separate ourselves and others from such unholy company. God was pleased to confirm the teaching of these holy men of old, that if their hearers believed them not, they might believe the works.

Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preacheth.

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KJV Study Commentary

'Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preacheth.' These Jewish exorcists treated Jesus' name as a magical formula, not submitting to Him as Lord. Their attempt shows religion without relationship, invoking Christ's name without knowing Christ personally.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists.**—The men belonged to a lower section of the class of which we have already seen representatives in Simon of Samaria or Elymas of Cyprus. (See Notes on Acts 8:9; Acts 13:6.) They practised exorcisms as a profession, and went from city to city, pretending with charms and spells to cure those who were looked on as possessed with demons. Many of these w...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 16 PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. Ac 15:41-18:22. Ac 15:41-16:5. Visitation of the Churches Formerly Established, Timotheus Here Joining the Missionary Party. **41. he went through Syria and Cilicia--**(See on Ac 15:23). Taking probably the same route as when despatched in haste from Jerusalem to Tarsus, he then went by land (see on Ac 9:30). **1-5. Then came he to Derbe and Ly...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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And there were seven sons of one Sceva , a Jew, and chief of the priests, which did so.

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KJV Study Commentary

'There were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jew, and chief of the priests, which did so.' Luke's specific naming shows this wasn't anonymous folklore but documented history. That a chief priest's sons practiced exorcism reveals Judaism's syncretism with paganism. Even religious privilege doesn't guarantee spiritual authority.

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Seven sons of one Sceva, a Jew, and chief** **of** **the priests.**—Better, *a Jewish chief priest.* The word might mean that he was at the head of one of the twenty-four courses into which the priests of the Temple were divided. (See Notes on Matthew 21:15; Luke 3:2.) It is hardly probable, however, that one in that position would have taken to this disreputable calling, and it seems more ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 16 PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. Ac 15:41-18:22. Ac 15:41-16:5. Visitation of the Churches Formerly Established, Timotheus Here Joining the Missionary Party. **41. he went through Syria and Cilicia--**(See on Ac 15:23). Taking probably the same route as when despatched in haste from Jerusalem to Tarsus, he then went by land (see on Ac 9:30). **1-5. Then came he to Derbe and Ly...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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And the evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye?

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KJV Study Commentary

'The evil spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye?' This demonic testimony is startling - demons recognize genuine spiritual authority while rejecting pretenders. The demon 'knew' (Greek 'ginōskō') Jesus intimately and 'understood' (Greek 'epistamai') Paul's authority, but dismissed these charlatans. Spiritual authority comes from union with Christ, not techniques o...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Jesus I know, and Paul I know . . .**—Better, *Jesus I acknowledge.* The two verbs are different in the Greek, the one implying recognition of authority, the latter, as colloquially used, though originally it had a stronger meaning, a more familiar acquaintance. The possessed man, identifying himself, as the Gadarene did, with the demon, stood in awe of the Name of Jesus, when uttered by a ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 16 PAUL'S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY. Ac 15:41-18:22. Ac 15:41-16:5. Visitation of the Churches Formerly Established, Timotheus Here Joining the Missionary Party. **41. he went through Syria and Cilicia--**(See on Ac 15:23). Taking probably the same route as when despatched in haste from Jerusalem to Tarsus, he then went by land (see on Ac 9:30). **1-5. Then came he to Derbe and Ly...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded.

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KJV Study Commentary

'The man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded.' This violent response demonstrated the danger of spiritual warfare without spiritual authority. Their humiliation - fleeing naked and wounded - publicly exposed their powerlessness. Attempting spiritual ministry without Christ's authority invit...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **And the man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them.**—The demoniacal possession brought with it, as in the case of the Gadarene, the preternatural strength of frenzy, and the seven impostors (men of that class being commonly more or less cowards) fled in dismay before the violent paroxysms of the man’s passionate rage. **Naked and wounded.**—The first word does not necessarily imply mor...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ac 16:6-12. They Break New Ground in Phrygia and Galatia--Their Course in That Direction Being Mysteriously Hedged Up, They Travel Westward to Troas, Where They Are Divinely Directed to Macedonia--The Historian Himself Here Joining the Missionary Party, They Embark for Neapolis, and Reach Philippi. **6-8. Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia--**proceeding in a north...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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And this was known to all the Jews and Greeks also dwelling at Ephesus; and fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This was known to all... and fear fell on them all</strong>—The exorcism failure of Sceva's sons (vv. 13-16) created holy fear (φόβος) throughout Ephesus, Greek and Jewish populations alike. <strong>The name of the Lord Jesus was magnified</strong> (ἐμεγαλύνετο τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ)—the verb suggests Jesus' name was exalted, honored, treated as supremely powerful. This event demonstra...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified.**—The fact thus narrated had shown that the sacred Name stood on quite a different level from that of the other names which exorcists had employed. It was a perilous thing for men to use it rashly, without inward faith in all that the Name implied. Men thought more of it than they had done before, because they saw the puni...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ac 16:6-12. They Break New Ground in Phrygia and Galatia--Their Course in That Direction Being Mysteriously Hedged Up, They Travel Westward to Troas, Where They Are Divinely Directed to Macedonia--The Historian Himself Here Joining the Missionary Party, They Embark for Neapolis, and Reach Philippi. **6-8. Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia--**proceeding in a north...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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And many that believed came, and confessed, and shewed their deeds.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Many that believed came, and confessed, and shewed their deeds</strong>—The public confession (ἐξομολογούμενοι) of secret practices demonstrates repentance's thorough nature. The Greek present tense suggests continuous action: believers kept coming forward. <strong>Shewed their deeds</strong> (ἀναγγέλλοντες τὰς πράξεις αὐτῶν) implies open declaration of formerly hidden magical practices. T...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **And many that believed.**—More accurately, *many of those that had believed.* The word is probably used, as in Acts 19:2, for the whole process of conversion, including baptism, confession in this instance following on that rite, instead of preceding it. The words do not definitely state whether the confession was made privately to St. Paul and the other teachers, or publicly in the presenc...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Ac 16:6-12. They Break New Ground in Phrygia and Galatia--Their Course in That Direction Being Mysteriously Hedged Up, They Travel Westward to Troas, Where They Are Divinely Directed to Macedonia--The Historian Himself Here Joining the Missionary Party, They Embark for Neapolis, and Reach Philippi. **6-8. Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia--**proceeding in a north...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them</strong>—The phrase 'curious arts' (τὰ περίεργα) literally means 'over-busy things,' a euphemism for magical practices. These believers destroyed their occult libraries publicly, ensuring no return to paganism. The economic sacrifice was staggering: <strong>fifty thousand pieces of silver</strong>, likely fifty thousand ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Many of them also which used curious arts . . .**—The Greek word expresses the idea of superstitious arts, *overbusy* with the supposed secrets of the invisible world. These arts were almost, so to speak, the *specialité* of Ephesus. Magicians and astrologers swarmed in her streets (comp. the reference to them as analogous to the magicians at the court of Pharaoh in 2Timothy 3:8), and there...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9-10. a vision appeared to Paul in the night--**while awake, for it is not called a dream. **There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us--**Stretching his eye across the Ægean Sea, from Troas on the northeast, to the Macedonian hills, visible on the northwest, the apostle could hardly fail to think this the destined scene of his future labors; ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.

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KJV Study Commentary

Luke's summary—'So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed'—personifies the word, giving it dynamic, powerful agency. The word (logos) isn't mere human speech but God's effective power (Isaiah 55:11, Hebrews 4:12). 'Mightily grew' (kata kratos ēuxanen) describes supernatural expansion. 'Prevailed' (ischyen) means overcame opposition, proving irresistible despite magic practices (19:19), riots ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed.**—The verbs imply a continuous growth. The better MSS. give, “the word *of the Lord.”*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9-10. a vision appeared to Paul in the night--**while awake, for it is not called a dream. **There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us--**Stretching his eye across the Ægean Sea, from Troas on the northeast, to the Macedonian hills, visible on the northwest, the apostle could hardly fail to think this the destined scene of his future labors; ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-20** It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in eve...
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After these things were ended, Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, After I have been there, I must also see Rome.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Paul purposed in the spirit</strong>—The phrase ambiguously might mean Paul's own spirit or the Holy Spirit's guidance. Likely both: Paul's resolute intention aligned with Spirit's direction. His itinerary—Macedonia, Achaia, Jerusalem, then Rome—traces the closing chapters of Acts, showing divine sovereignty over apostolic mission. <strong>I must also see Rome</strong> (δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **Paul purposed in the spirit.**—Better, perhaps, *in spirit.* The Greek word, however, implies a reference to something more than human volition. The spirit which formed the purpose was in communion with the Divine Spirit. (See Notes on Acts 17:16; Acts 18:5.) We learn from the First Epistle to the Corinthians what were the chief antecedents of this purpose. There had been intercourse, we ma...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-12. Therefore loosing from Troas, we came--**literally, "ran." **with a straight course--**that is, "ran before the wind." **to Samothracia--**a lofty island on the Thracian coast, north from Troas, with an inclination westward. The wind must have set in strong from the south or south-southeast to bring them there so soon, as the current is strong in the opposite direction, and they after...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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So he sent into Macedonia two of them that ministered unto him, Timotheus and Erastus; but he himself stayed in Asia for a season.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>He sent into Macedonia two of them that ministered unto him, Timotheus and Erastus</strong>—The verb 'ministered' (διακονούντων) describes servant-leadership, the same root as 'deacon.' Timothy appears frequently in Paul's ministry as trusted delegate; Erastus is mentioned in Romans 16:23 as Corinth's city treasurer, showing prominent citizens' conversion. Paul's strategy of sending advanc...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Timotheus and Erastus.**—Light is thrown on the mission of the former by 1Corinthians 4:17. He was sent on in advance to warn and exhort, and so to save the Apostle from the necessity of using severity when he himself arrived. St. Paul exhorts the Corinthians (1Corinthians 16:10) to receive him with respect, so that he might not feel that his youth detracted from his authority. He was to re...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-12. Therefore loosing from Troas, we came--**literally, "ran." **with a straight course--**that is, "ran before the wind." **to Samothracia--**a lofty island on the Thracian coast, north from Troas, with an inclination westward. The wind must have set in strong from the south or south-southeast to bring them there so soon, as the current is strong in the opposite direction, and they after...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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The Riot in Ephesus

And the same time there arose no small stir about that way.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>No small stir about that way</strong>—Luke's characteristic understatement (λιτότης, litotes) masks intense opposition. The term <strong>that way</strong> (ἡ ὁδός, hē hodos) became an early designation for Christianity, appearing throughout Acts (9:2, 19:9, 22:4, 24:14). This 'Way' language echoes Jesus' self-identification as 'the way, the truth, and the life' (John 14:6).<br><br>The Gree...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **About that way.**—Better, as before, *the way.* (See Note on Acts 9:2.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11-12. Therefore loosing from Troas, we came--**literally, "ran." **with a straight course--**that is, "ran before the wind." **to Samothracia--**a lofty island on the Thracian coast, north from Troas, with an inclination westward. The wind must have set in strong from the south or south-southeast to bring them there so soon, as the current is strong in the opposite direction, and they after...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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For a certain man named Demetrius, a silversmith, which made silver shrines for Diana, brought no small gain unto the craftsmen;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Demetrius, a silversmith</strong>—This craftsman (ἀργυροκόπος, argyrokopos, 'silver-beater') led the guild of Artemis shrine-makers. The <strong>silver shrines for Diana</strong> (ναοὺς ἀργυροῦς Ἀρτέμιδος) were miniature temples sold to pilgrims as devotional objects or votive offerings. Archaeological evidence confirms thriving idol-manufacturing in first-century Ephesus.<br><br><strong>N...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Demetrius, a silversmith, which made silver shrines for Diana.**—The worship of Artemis (to give the Greek name of the goddess whom the Romans identified with their Diana) had from a very early period been connected with the city of Ephesus. The first temple owed much of its magnificence to Croesus. This was burnt down, in B.C. 335, by Herostratus, who was impelled by an insane desire thus ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-15. Lydia--**a common name among the Greeks and Romans. **a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira--**on the confines of Lydia and Phrygia. The Lydians, particularly the inhabitants of Thyatira, were celebrated for their dyeing, in which they inherited the reputation of the Tyrians. Inscriptions to this effect, yet remaining, confirm the accuracy of our historian. This woman appears to h...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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Whom he called together with the workmen of like occupation, and said, Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>By this craft we have our wealth</strong> (εὐπορία, euporia, 'prosperity')—Demetrius' blunt admission reveals that financial security, not religious devotion, motivated opposition to Paul. He assembled <strong>workmen of like occupation</strong> (ἐργάτας τῶν τοιούτων, ergatas tōn toioutōn), creating economic solidarity against Christianity's threat to their livelihood.<br><br>The craftsmen...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **The workmen of like occupation.**—The “craftsmen” of the previous verse represent the higher class of what we call skilled labour. Here we have the unskilled labourers whom they employed. The former were, in a sense, artists, these were artisans. **Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth.**—Literally, *Men, *the word used being different from that in Acts 16:30. The word for “cr...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-15. Lydia--**a common name among the Greeks and Romans. **a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira--**on the confines of Lydia and Phrygia. The Lydians, particularly the inhabitants of Thyatira, were celebrated for their dyeing, in which they inherited the reputation of the Tyrians. Inscriptions to this effect, yet remaining, confirm the accuracy of our historian. This woman appears to h...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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Moreover ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much people, saying that they be no gods, which are made with hands:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia</strong>—Paul's ministry had provincial impact, not merely local. The Greek πείθω (peithō, 'persuaded') indicates rational argumentation, not coercion. Paul <strong>turned away much people</strong> (μετέστησεν, metestēsen, 'caused to change sides'), using language of conversion and defection from false religion.<br><br><strong>They be no...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **Not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia.**—The language of Demetrius, though, perhaps, betraying the exaggeration of alarm, confirms the statement of Acts 19:10 as to the extent of St. Paul’s labours. Pliny, in his Epistle to Trajan (*Epp.* x. 96), uses language, half a century later, which is hardly less strong, speaking of “deserted temples,” “worship neglected,” “hardly a si...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-18. as we went to prayer--**The words imply that it was on their way to the usual place of public prayer, by the river-side, that this took place; therefore not on the same day with what had just occurred. **a ... damsel--**a female servant, and in this case a slave (Ac 16:19). **possessed of a spirit of divination--**or, of Python, that is, a spirit supposed to be inspired by the Pythian...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at nought; but also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised , and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshippeth. set at nought: or, brought into disrepute, or, contempt

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This our craft is in danger to be set at nought</strong> (ἀπελεγμόν, apelegmon, 'disrepute')—Demetrius initially frames opposition economically before pivoting to religious concern: <strong>the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised</strong>. The Greek καθαιρέω (kathaireō, 'destroyed') means 'pulled down' or 'deposed,' suggesting Artemis' dethroning.<br><br><strong>Whom all A...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Not only this our craft.**—The English word conveys, perhaps, too much the idea of art. *Our business, *or *our interests, *would be a somewhat better equivalent. The Greek word is not the same as that so translated in Acts 19:25. **The temple of the great goddess Diana.**—The adjective was one specially appropriated to the Artemis of Ephesus, and appears on many of the coins and medals of ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-18. as we went to prayer--**The words imply that it was on their way to the usual place of public prayer, by the river-side, that this took place; therefore not on the same day with what had just occurred. **a ... damsel--**a female servant, and in this case a slave (Ac 16:19). **possessed of a spirit of divination--**or, of Python, that is, a spirit supposed to be inspired by the Pythian...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians</strong>—The Greek θυμός (thumos, wrath) describes fierce, passionate anger erupting spontaneously. Their chant μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων (megalē hē Artemis Ephesiōn) was likely a cultic formula repeated in temple rituals. Demetrius's economic appeal (verses 25-27) ignited religious nationalism—economic self-int...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **They were full of wrath, and cried out.**—Better, *they went on crying out, *the tense implying continued action. **Great is Diana of the Ephesians.**—The cry was probably the usual chorus of the festivals of Artemis. Stress was now laid on the distinctive adjective, “Great she was, whoever might attack her greatness.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16-18. as we went to prayer--**The words imply that it was on their way to the usual place of public prayer, by the river-side, that this took place; therefore not on the same day with what had just occurred. **a ... damsel--**a female servant, and in this case a slave (Ac 16:19). **possessed of a spirit of divination--**or, of Python, that is, a spirit supposed to be inspired by the Pythian...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the theatre.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The whole city was filled with confusion</strong> (σύγχυσις, sunchysis)—indicating chaotic disorder, not mere disagreement. The mob <strong>rushed with one accord</strong> (ὁμοθυμαδόν, homothumadon, unanimous impulse) into the theatre, revealing how mob psychology overrides individual reason. Gaius and Aristarchus, <strong>men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel</strong>, became surr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **The whole city was filled with confusion.**—The loud shouts from the quarter in which Demetrius and his workmen met would, of course, attract attention. A rumour would spread through the city that the company of strangers, who had been objects of curiosity and suspicion, were engaged in a conspiracy against the worship which was the pride and glory of their city. It was natural, in such cir...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. when her masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas--**as the leading persons. **and drew them into the market-place--**or Forum, where the courts were. **to the magistrates, saying, &amp;c.--**We have here a full and independent confirmation of the reality of this supernatural cure, since on any other supposition such conduct would be senseless.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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And when Paul would have entered in unto the people, the disciples suffered him not.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>When Paul would have entered in unto the people, the disciples suffered him not</strong>—Paul's instinct was martyrological courage: enter the theatre and confront the mob directly. The Greek ἐβούλετο (ebouleto, 'would have') indicates Paul's determined intention, not casual consideration. Yet <strong>the disciples</strong> (μαθηταί, mathētai) physically prevented him—οὐκ εἴων αὐτόν (ouk e...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **When Paul would have entered in . . .**—We almost see the impetuous zeal which urged the Apostle not to leave his companions to bear the brunt of the attack alone, and the anxious fear which made his friends eager to prevent a step which would probably endanger his own life without helping his friends. He refers probably to this when he speaks of having, as far as man was concerned, “fought...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. These men, being Jews--**objects of dislike, contempt, and suspicion by the Romans, and at this time of more than usual prejudice. **do exceedingly trouble our city--**See similar charges, Ac 17:6; 24:5; 1Ki 18:17. There is some color of truth in all such accusations, in so far as the Gospel, and generally the fear of God, as a reigning principle of human action, is in a godless world a th...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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And certain of the chief of Asia, which were his friends, sent unto him, desiring him that he would not adventure himself into the theatre.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Certain of the chief of Asia</strong> (Ἀσιάρχαι, Asiarchai)—provincial elites who oversaw imperial cult worship and public festivals, men of immense wealth and political influence. That these pagan officials were <strong>his friends</strong> (φίλοι, philoi) demonstrates Paul's relational skill in winning respect across religious boundaries without compromising gospel truth. They <strong>se...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **And certain of the chiefs of Asia, which were his friends.**—Better, *Asiarchs.* The title was an official one, applied to the presidents of the games, who were selected from the chief cities of the province. The office was an annual one. They were ten in number, and the proconsul nominated one of them as president. Their duties led them now to one city, now to another, according as games o...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. And teach customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans--**Here also there was a measure of truth; as the introduction of new gods was forbidden by the laws, and this might be thought to apply to any change of religion. But the whole charge was pure hypocrisy; for as these men would have let the missionaries preach what religion they pleased if they had no...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-31** Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, bec...
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Some therefore cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused; and the more part knew not wherefore they were come together.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Some therefore cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused</strong>—Luke's ironic observation: the ἐκκλησία (ekklēsia, assembly—the word for 'church') was συγκεχυμένη (sunkechumenē, thoroughly confused). Most participants <strong>knew not wherefore they were come together</strong> (οὐκ ᾔδεισαν τίνος ἕνεκα συνεληλύθεισαν, ouk ēdeisan tinos heneka sunelēlutheisan). This ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **Some therefore cried one thing, and some another.**—Better, *kept on crying.* The graphic character of the whole narrative makes it almost certain that it must have come from an eye-witness, or possibly from more than one. Aristarchus or Gaius, who travelled to Jerusalem with St. Luke (Luke 20:4), and were with him also at Rome, may have told him the whole tale of the scene in which they ha...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. the multitude rose up together against them--**so Ac 19:28, 34; 21:30; Lu 23:18. **the magistrates rent off their--**Paul's and Silas' **clothes--**that is, ordered the lictors, or rod-bearers, to tear them off, so as to expose their naked bodies (see on Ac 16:37). The word expresses the roughness with which this was done to prisoners preparatory to whipping. **and commanded to beat th...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward . And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made his defence unto the people.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward</strong>—The Jews pushed Alexander (probably a Jewish spokesperson) to <strong>make his defense</strong> (ἀπολογεῖσθαι, apologeisthai) to the crowd, likely attempting to distance Judaism from Paul's Christianity. <strong>Alexander beckoned with the hand</strong> (κατασείσας τὴν χεῖρα, kataseisas tēn cheira)—the rhetoric...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **And they drew Alexander out of the multitude . . .**—The fact that he was put forward by the Jews indicates, probably, that they were anxious to guard against the suspicion that they were at all identified with St. Paul or his companions. If we identify this Alexander with the “coppersmith” of 2Timothy 4:14, who wrought so much evil against the Apostle on his third and last visit to Ephesus...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23-24. when they had laid many stripes upon them--**the bleeding wounds from which they were not washed till it was done by the converted jailer (Ac 16:33). **charged the jailer ... who ... thrust them into the inner prison--**"pestilential cells, damp and cold, from which the light was excluded, and where the chains rusted on the prisoners. One such place may be seen to this day on the slope ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But when they knew that he was a Jew</strong>—Recognition of Alexander's Jewishness immediately terminated his defense. The crowd responded <strong>all with one voice</strong> (φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία, phōnē egeneto mia) <strong>about the space of two hours cried out</strong>, chanting μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων (megalē hē Artemis Ephesiōn) continuously. Two hours of monotonous chanting reveals rel...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(34) **When they knew that he was a Jew.**—Better, *when they recognised.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23-24. when they had laid many stripes upon them--**the bleeding wounds from which they were not washed till it was done by the converted jailer (Ac 16:33). **charged the jailer ... who ... thrust them into the inner prison--**"pestilential cells, damp and cold, from which the light was excluded, and where the chains rusted on the prisoners. One such place may be seen to this day on the slope ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter? a worshipper: Gr. the temple keeper

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter?</strong> This verse records a pagan official's intervention during the riot against Paul in Ephesus. The "townclerk" (<em>grammateus</em>, γραμματεύς) was ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(35) **And when the townclerk had appeased the people . . .**—The Greek word is the same as the “scribe” of the Gospels, and the familiar English expresses his function with adequate correctness. He was the keeper of the records and archives of the city. The title appears in many of the inscriptions in Mr. Wood’s volume, often in conjunction with those of the Asiarchs and the proconsul. If, as is ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed and sang praises--**literally, "praying, were singing praises"; that is, while engaged in pouring out their hearts in prayer, had broken forth into singing, and were hymning loud their joy. As the word here employed is that used to denote the Paschal hymn sung by our Lord and His disciples after their last Passover (Mt 26:30), and which we know to have c...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet, and to do nothing rashly.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against</strong>—The town clerk of Ephesus, addressing the riot sparked by Demetrius and the silversmiths, makes a shrewd rhetorical move. The phrase ἀναντιρρήτων (<em>anantirrētōn</em>, 'undeniable, irrefutable') refers not to the truth of Artemis worship but to its established status in Ephesus. He's appealing to the crowd's pride in their c...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(36) **Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against . . .**—The language of the town-clerk has the ring of an official acceptance of the established *cultus* rather than of any strong personal devotion. Such language has often been heard from the defenders of institutions which were almost on the verge of ruin. **Ye ought to be quiet.**—The verb is the same as that of the transitive “app...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26-28. And suddenly there was a great earthquake--**in answer, doubtless, to the prayers and expectations of the sufferers that, for the truth's sake and the honor of their Lord, some interposition would take place. **every one's bands--**that is, the bands of all the prisoners. **were loosed--**not by the earthquake, of course, but by a miraculous energy accompanying it. By this and the joy...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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For ye have brought hither these men, which are neither robbers of churches, nor yet blasphemers of your goddess.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For ye have brought hither these men, which are neither robbers of churches, nor yet blasphemers of your goddess</strong>—The town clerk's defense of Paul and his companions highlights their ministry strategy: they preached Christ positively without desecrating pagan temples (ἱεροσύλους, <em>hierosulous</em>, 'temple robbers') or directly blaspheming Artemis (βλασφημοῦντας, <em>blasphēmoun...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(37) **These men, which are neither robbers of churches.**—Better, *robbers of temples.* It was not unusual for the writers of the Elizabethan age to apply the term, which we confine to Christian buildings, to heathen temples. They would speak, *e.g., *of the “church” of Diana, or the “chapel” of Apollo. The corresponding noun for “robbing temples,” or “sacrilege,” is found in inscriptions discove...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26-28. And suddenly there was a great earthquake--**in answer, doubtless, to the prayers and expectations of the sufferers that, for the truth's sake and the honor of their Lord, some interposition would take place. **every one's bands--**that is, the bands of all the prisoners. **were loosed--**not by the earthquake, of course, but by a miraculous energy accompanying it. By this and the joy...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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Wherefore if Demetrius, and the craftsmen which are with him, have a matter against any man, the law is open, and there are deputies: let them implead one another. the law: or, the court days are kept

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wherefore if Demetrius, and the craftsmen which are with him, have a matter against any man</strong>—The town clerk redirects from mob violence to legal process. The conditional εἰ μέν οὖν (<em>ei men oun</em>, 'if therefore indeed') introduces proper procedure: if Demetrius has legitimate grievances (λόγον, <em>logon</em>, 'a word, a case'), there are appropriate venues. <strong>The law i...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(38) **The law is open.**—Literally, *the court, *or *forum, days are going on.* The words may either indicate that the proconsul was then actually sitting to hold trials in the *agora* or *forum, *or may be taken as a colloquial idiom for “there are court days coming.” **There are deputies.**—The Greek word is (as in Acts 13:7; Acts 18:12) the equivalent for *proconsul.* Strictly speaking, there ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26-28. And suddenly there was a great earthquake--**in answer, doubtless, to the prayers and expectations of the sufferers that, for the truth's sake and the honor of their Lord, some interposition would take place. **every one's bands--**that is, the bands of all the prisoners. **were loosed--**not by the earthquake, of course, but by a miraculous energy accompanying it. By this and the joy...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly. lawful: or, ordinary

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But if ye enquire any thing concerning other matters</strong>—The town clerk distinguishes between private legal disputes (previous verse) and public policy questions. The conditional εἰ δέ τι (<em>ei de ti</em>, 'but if anything') introduces a broader category. <strong>Concerning other matters</strong> (περὶ ἑτέρων, <em>peri heterōn</em>, 'concerning different things') might include issue...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(39) **It shall be determined in a lawful assembly.**—Better, in *the* lawful assembly. The argument is that, should the alleged grievance be one that called for legislative rather than judicial action, the matter would have to be referred to the regular meeting of the *ecclesia, *which the town-clerk had probably the right to summon. There they could present their *gravamen, *and petition for red...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-30. Then he called for a light, and sprang in ... and fell down before Paul and Silas, and brought them out and said--**How graphic this rapid succession of minute details, evidently from the parties themselves, the prisoners and the jailer, who would talk over every feature of the scene once and again, in which the hand of the Lord had been so marvellously seen.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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For we are in danger to be called in question for this day's uproar, there being no cause whereby we may give an account of this concourse.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For we are in danger to be called in question for this day's uproar</strong>—The town clerk reveals his primary concern: Roman oversight. The phrase κινδυνεύομεν ἐγκαλεῖσθαι στάσεως (<em>kindyneuomen enkaleisthai staseōs</em>, 'we are in danger to be accused of sedition') uses the serious charge of στάσις (<em>stasis</em>, 'insurrection, riot'). Under Roman rule, unauthorized assemblies, e...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(40) **We** **are in danger to be called in question.**—The “we” as used to include the rioters. The “called in question” is the same verb as that rendered “implead” in Acts 19:38. There was a risk of which Demetrius and his party had to be reminded, that they might find themselves defendants, and not plaintiffs, in a suit. A riotous “concourse” (the town-clerk uses the most contemptuous word he c...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-30. Then he called for a light, and sprang in ... and fell down before Paul and Silas, and brought them out and said--**How graphic this rapid succession of minute details, evidently from the parties themselves, the prisoners and the jailer, who would talk over every feature of the scene once and again, in which the hand of the Lord had been so marvellously seen.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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And when he had thus spoken, he dismissed the assembly.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when he had thus spoken, he dismissed the assembly</strong>—The town clerk's authority is absolute; the crowd obeys immediately. The verb ἀπέλυσε (<em>apelyse</em>, 'dismissed, released, sent away') is the same used for Pilate releasing Barabbas and for Jesus 'sending away' crowds. The mob that had been shouting for hours (v. 34 notes 'about the space of two hours') disperses at an off...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31-34. Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved--**The brevity, simplicity, and directness of this reply are, in the circumstances, singularly beautiful. Enough at that moment to have his faith directed simply to the Saviour, with the assurance that this would bring to his soul the needed and sought salvation--the how being a matter for after teaching. **thou shalt be saved, a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 32-41** The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times, both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in our motion...
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