King James Version

What Does Acts 19:34 Mean?

Acts 19:34 in the King James Version says “But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the E... — study this verse from Acts chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

Acts 19:34 · KJV


Context

32

Some therefore cried one thing, and some another: for the assembly was confused; and the more part knew not wherefore they were come together.

33

And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward . And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made his defence unto the people.

34

But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

35

And when the townclerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the image which fell down from Jupiter? a worshipper: Gr. the temple keeper

36

Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet, and to do nothing rashly.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But when they knew that he was a Jew—Recognition of Alexander's Jewishness immediately terminated his defense. The crowd responded all with one voice (φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία, phōnē egeneto mia) about the space of two hours cried out, chanting μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων (megalē hē Artemis Ephesiōn) continuously. Two hours of monotonous chanting reveals religious mania replacing rational discourse.

This sustained chanting functioned like modern protest chants—drowning out opposition through sheer volume and repetition. The anti-Jewish prejudice exposed here shows that mob violence targets minorities indiscriminately. Jews couldn't separate themselves from Christians because pagans viewed both as threats to Artemis worship. The two-hour duration suggests demonic energy sustaining religious fervor—human voices grow hoarse, but spiritual opposition perseveres.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Two-hour ritualistic chanting was common in pagan worship, inducing altered states of consciousness and group cohesion. This wasn't spontaneous emotion but cultic practice turned weaponized. The Ephesian riot foreshadowed later pagan mob violence against Christians throughout the Roman Empire, often featuring similar sustained chanting and religious fervor masking economic and social fears.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do modern ideological movements use repetitive slogans to shut down dialogue and create tribal solidarity?
  2. What spiritual forces sustain prolonged hostility to the gospel beyond natural human emotion?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
ἐπιγνόντων1 of 19

when they knew

G1921

to know upon some mark, i.e., recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge

δὲ2 of 19

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ὅτι3 of 19

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

Ἰουδαῖός4 of 19

a Jew

G2453

judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah

ἐστιν5 of 19

he was

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

φωνὴ6 of 19

voice

G5456

a tone (articulate, bestial or artificial); by implication, an address (for any purpose), saying or language

ἐγένετο7 of 19
G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

μία8 of 19
G1520

one

ἐκ9 of 19

with

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

πάντων10 of 19

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ὡς11 of 19

about

G5613

which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

ἐπὶ12 of 19

the space

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

ὥρας13 of 19

hours

G5610

an "hour" (literally or figuratively)

δύο14 of 19

of two

G1417

"two"

κραζόντων15 of 19

cried out

G2896

properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e., (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, intreat)

Μεγάλη16 of 19

Great

G3173

big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)

17 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἄρτεμις18 of 19

is Diana

G735

prompt; artemis, the name of a grecian goddess borrowed by the asiatics for one of their deities

Ἐφεσίων19 of 19

of the Ephesians

G2180

an ephesian or inhabitant of ephesus


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 19:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 19:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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