King James Version

What Does Acts 19:28 Mean?

Acts 19:28 in the King James Version says “And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians. — study this verse from Acts chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

Acts 19:28 · KJV


Context

26

Moreover ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much people, saying that they be no gods, which are made with hands:

27

So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at nought; but also that the temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised , and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia and the world worshippeth. set at nought: or, brought into disrepute, or, contempt

28

And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

29

And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the theatre.

30

And when Paul would have entered in unto the people, the disciples suffered him not.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians—The Greek θυμός (thumos, wrath) describes fierce, passionate anger erupting spontaneously. Their chant μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων (megalē hē Artemis Ephesiōn) was likely a cultic formula repeated in temple rituals. Demetrius's economic appeal (verses 25-27) ignited religious nationalism—economic self-interest masquerading as theological devotion.

This mob reaction reveals how paganism conflates religion, economics, and civic pride into an inseparable identity. When the gospel threatens any component, the entire system responds with rage. The craftsmen's anger wasn't theological—they feared revenue loss—but they weaponized religious fervor to defend financial interests.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Artemision (Temple of Artemis) at Ephesus was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a massive structure rebuilt after arson in 356 BC. The silver shrine industry employed hundreds of craftsmen producing miniature temples and goddess statues for pilgrims. Ephesus's economy depended heavily on religious tourism, making Paul's preaching an economic threat to the city's prosperity.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do modern cultural or economic systems similarly weaponize religious language to defend non-spiritual interests?
  2. When has the gospel threatened your financial security or cultural identity, and how did you respond?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
Ἀκούσαντες1 of 12

when they heard

G191

to hear (in various senses)

δὲ2 of 12

And

G1161

but, and, etc

καὶ3 of 12

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

γενόμενοι4 of 12

these sayings they were

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

πλήρεις5 of 12

full

G4134

replete, or covered over; by analogy, complete

θυμοῦ6 of 12

of wrath

G2372

passion (as if breathing hard)

ἔκραζον7 of 12

cried out

G2896

properly, to "croak" (as a raven) or scream, i.e., (genitive case) to call aloud (shriek, exclaim, intreat)

λέγοντες8 of 12

saying

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Μεγάλη9 of 12

Great

G3173

big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)

10 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἄρτεμις11 of 12

is Diana

G735

prompt; artemis, the name of a grecian goddess borrowed by the asiatics for one of their deities

Ἐφεσίων12 of 12

of the Ephesians

G2180

an ephesian or inhabitant of ephesus


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 19:28 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 19:28 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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