King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:39 Mean?

Matthew 5:39 in the King James Version says “But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other al... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.

Matthew 5:39 · KJV


Context

37

But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.

38

Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:

39

But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.

40

And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also.

41

And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Non-retaliation against evil doesn't mean passivity toward evil itself, but refusing to respond to personal wrongs with revenge. The struck cheek represents insult and humiliation (a backhanded slap). Turning the other cheek shows meekness, dignity, and refusal to be controlled by others' evil actions.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

A backhand slap with the right hand on the right cheek was an insulting blow to social inferiors in that culture. To turn the other cheek forces the aggressor either to stop or escalate to a full blow—either way exposing their wrongdoing while the victim maintains moral high ground.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you typically respond to insults or disrespect—with retaliation or with dignified non-retaliation?
  2. What's the difference between biblical meekness and worldly weakness or passivity?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
ἐγὼ1 of 22

I

G1473

i, me

δὲ2 of 22

But

G1161

but, and, etc

λέγω3 of 22

say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ὑμῖν4 of 22

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

μὴ5 of 22

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ἀντιστῆναι6 of 22

That ye resist

G436

to stand against, i.e., oppose

τῷ7 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πονηρῷ·8 of 22

evil

G4190

hurtful, i.e., evil (properly, in effect or influence, and thus differing from g2556, which refers rather to essential character, as well as from g455

ἀλλ'9 of 22

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

ὅστις10 of 22

whosoever

G3748

which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same

σε11 of 22

thee

G4571

thee

ῥαπίσει12 of 22

shall smite

G4474

to slap

ἐπὶ13 of 22

on

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τὴν14 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δεξιάν15 of 22

right

G1188

the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)

σου16 of 22

thy

G4675

of thee, thy

σιαγόνα17 of 22

cheek

G4600

the jaw-bone, i.e., (by implication) the cheek or side of the face

στρέψον18 of 22

turn

G4762

to twist, i.e., turn quite around or reverse (literally or figuratively)

αὐτῷ19 of 22

to him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ20 of 22

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὴν21 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἄλλην·22 of 22

the other

G243

"else," i.e., different (in many applications)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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