King James Version

What Does Matthew 5:38 Mean?

Matthew 5:38 in the King James Version says “Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth: — study this verse from Matthew chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:

Matthew 5:38 · KJV


Context

36

Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.

37

But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.

38

Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:

39

But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.

40

And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloke also.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The lex talionis (law of retaliation) was a just principle limiting vengeance to proportional response—only an eye for an eye, not escalating violence. But Jesus calls His followers to go beyond justice to grace, beyond fair treatment to sacrificial love, beyond rights to mercy.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 'eye for eye' law (Exodus 21:24) was actually a limitation on vengeance in ancient cultures where family feuds escalated endlessly. It established proportional justice. But Jesus calls His disciples to transcend even just retaliation, choosing to absorb evil rather than return it.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does insisting on your rights prevent you from showing Christ-like grace?
  2. When has someone's willingness to absorb wrong rather than retaliate impacted you powerfully?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
Ἠκούσατε1 of 10

Ye have heard

G191

to hear (in various senses)

ὅτι2 of 10

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἐῤῥέθη,3 of 10

it hath been said

G4483

to utter, i.e., speak or say

ὀφθαλμοῦ4 of 10

An eye

G3788

the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)

ἀντὶ5 of 10

for

G473

opposite, i.e., instead or because of (rarely in addition to)

ὀφθαλμοῦ6 of 10

An eye

G3788

the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)

καὶ7 of 10

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ὀδόντος8 of 10

a tooth

G3599

a "tooth"

ἀντὶ9 of 10

for

G473

opposite, i.e., instead or because of (rarely in addition to)

ὀδόντος10 of 10

a tooth

G3599

a "tooth"


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 5:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 5:38 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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