King James Version

What Does Acts 7:39 Mean?

Acts 7:39 in the King James Version says “To whom our fathers would not obey , but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt, — study this verse from Acts chapter 7 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

To whom our fathers would not obey , but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,

Acts 7:39 · KJV


Context

37

This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear. like: or, as myself

38

This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:

39

To whom our fathers would not obey , but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,

40

Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

41

And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt. Stephen exposes Israel's fundamental rebellion—outward physical deliverance accompanied by inward spiritual resistance.

The double refusal—would not obey and thrust him from them—shows both passive and active rejection. Disobedience begins internally (would not) and manifests externally (thrust him). This pattern reflects human depravity: even witnessing God's power doesn't guarantee submission to His authority.

The phrase in their hearts identifies the root problem. Reformed theology emphasizes the heart as the seat of affections and will. External compliance without heart transformation remains rebellion. Turned back again into Egypt reveals the tragic irony—physically freed from slavery, they remained mentally and spiritually enslaved.

Egypt represents the world system, sin's bondage, and fleshly comfort. Though God delivered them, they preferred slavery's predictability over faith's demands. This warns against merely external religious conversions that leave hearts unchanged. True deliverance requires heart transformation, not just changed circumstances.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Israel's wilderness rebellions fill Exodus and Numbers—golden calf (Exodus 32), grumbling (Exodus 16), Korah's rebellion (Numbers 16), and longing for Egypt (Numbers 11:5). These incidents became paradigmatic examples of faithlessness in Jewish theology.

Stephen's audience would recognize these references immediately. His indictment is devastating: you're repeating your ancestors' pattern—rejecting God's messenger despite witnessing signs. First-century Jews took pride in not being like their rebellious ancestors, yet Stephen shows history repeating. The golden calf incident occurred merely weeks after Sinai—proximity to God's presence doesn't guarantee faithful obedience.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does internal heart rebellion manifest in external religious rebellion?
  2. What 'Egypt' do Christians sometimes long for after experiencing spiritual deliverance?
  3. Why doesn't witnessing God's power automatically produce obedience?
  4. In what ways might we physically be in God's kingdom while our hearts remain elsewhere?
  5. How does this passage illuminate the necessity of regeneration—a supernatural heart change?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
1 of 17

To whom

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

οὐκ2 of 17

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἠθέλησαν3 of 17

would

G2309

to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),

ὑπήκοοι4 of 17
G5255

attentively listening, i.e., (by implication) submissive

γενέσθαι5 of 17

obey

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

οἱ6 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατέρες7 of 17

fathers

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

ἡμῶν8 of 17

our

G2257

of (or from) us

ἀλλ'9 of 17

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

ἀπώσαντο10 of 17

thrust him from them

G683

to push off, figuratively, to reject

καὶ11 of 17

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐστράφησαν12 of 17

turned back again

G4762

to twist, i.e., turn quite around or reverse (literally or figuratively)

ταῖς13 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

καρδίαις14 of 17

hearts

G2588

the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle

αὐτῶν15 of 17
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

εἰς16 of 17

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

Αἴγυπτον17 of 17

Egypt

G125

aegyptus, the land of the nile


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 7:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 7:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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