About 2 Samuel

2 Samuel chronicles David's reign, including his triumphs, his sin with Bathsheba, and the consequences that followed, yet God's covenant with him remains.

Author: Nathan, GadWritten: c. 1000-900 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 32
Davidic CovenantSin and ConsequencesGraceKingdomRepentanceLeadership

King James Version

2 Samuel 2

32 verses with commentary

David Anointed King of Judah

And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַי...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **Enquired of the Lord.**—At this important juncture of affairs, David’s first care is to know the Divine will. His inquiry was, doubtless, made through the high priest Abiathar, as in 1Samuel 23:9-10 (comp. 2Samuel 22:20; 2Samuel 23:1; 2Samuel 23:4). The answer definitely directed him to go up to Hebron. **Hebron** is one of the most ancient cities of the world (built “seven years before Zoan...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. David ... fled ... to Achish the king of Gath--**which was one of the five principalities of the Philistines. In this place his person must have been known, and to venture into that country, he their greatest enemy, and with the sword of Goliath in his hand, would seem to have been a perilous experiment; but, doubtless, the protection he received implies that he had been directed by the divi...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year per...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **His two wives.**—See 1Samuel 25:42-43.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-yea...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Dwelt in the cities of Hebron.**—David’s whole force of 600 men, with their families, accompanied him, and made their permanent settlement in the towns of the district to which Hebron gave its name

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabeshgilead were they that buried Saul.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabesh-gilead were they that buried Saul.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's offi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **They anointed David.**—The first private anointing of David (1 Samuel 16) had been in token of his Divine commission; this was a sign of his recognition as king by the tribe of Judah; and there was still a third subsequent anointing (2Samuel 5:4), when he was accepted by all Israel. Comp. Saul’s anointing by Samuel privately (1Samuel 10:1), and his subsequent double recognition as king by th...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. feigned himself mad--**It is supposed to have been an attack of epilepsy, real or perhaps only pretended. This disease is relieved by foaming at the mouth. **let his spittle fall down upon his beard--**No wonder that Achish supposed him insane, as such an indignity, whether done by another, or one's self, to the beard, is considered in the East an intolerable insult.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabeshgilead , and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabesh-gilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') m...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The sev...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **I also will requite you.**—David’s message of kindness and blessing is quite in accordance with his whole bearing towards Saul and his house, and. at the same time, was one of wise policy. The literal rendering is, *I also show you this good, *the Hebrew not conveying directly the idea of future recompense, as in the English. The thought is that David, as now the rightful king of Israel, app...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant : for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them. be ye: Heb. be ye the sons of valour

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 2 Chapter Outline David made king in Hebron.(1-7) Abner makes Ishbosheth king Battle between Abner's men and those of Joab.(8-17) Asahel slain by Abner.(25-32) Both parties retreat.(18-24) **Verses 1-7** After the death of Saul, many went to David at Ziklag, 1Ch 12:22, but he trusted in God who promised him the kingdom, to give it in his own time and manner. Yet a...
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War Between David and Ishbosheth

But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim; Saul's host: Heb. the host which was Saul's Ishbosheth: or, Eshbaal

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim;</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year p...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **But Abner the son of Ner.**—According to 1Chronicles 9:36, Ner was the brother of Kish, Saul’s father. Abner was therefore the cousin-german of Saul, and had been made by him the commander in chief of his army (1Samuel 14:51). He was thus, both by kindred and office, strongly attached to the house of Saul. He had been with Saul in his pursuit of David, and may have resented David’s address t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 22 1Sa 22:1-8. David's Kindred and Others Resort to Him at Adullam. **1. David ... escaped to the cave Adullam--**supposed to be that now called Deir-Dubban, a number of pits or underground vaults, some nearly square, and all about fifteen or twenty feet deep, with perpendicular sides, in the soft limestone or chalky rocks. They are on the borders of the Philistine plain at the base of...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **The Ashurites, and over Jezreel.**—This verse apparently expresses the gradual extension of Ishbosheth’s dominion as the country became freed from the Philistines. At first, his authority was established over Gilead—*i.e., *the country on the east of the Jordan; then “over the Ashurites.” No satisfactory explanation of this name as it stands has been found, but it is probably meant for *Ashe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. every one that was in distress--**(See on Jud 11:3).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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Ishbosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Ish-bosheth Saul's son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at H...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab--**"Mizpeh" signifies a watchtower, and it is evident that it must be taken in this sense here, for it is called "the hold" or fort (1Sa 22:4). The king of Moab was an enemy of Saul (1Sa 14:47), and the great-grandson of Ruth, of course, was related to the family of Jesse. David, therefore, had less anxiety in seeking an asylum within the dominions of this ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months. time: Heb. number of days

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period before ruling...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period bef...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **To Gibeon.**—Gibeon, in the territory of Benjamin, had become noted in the original conquest of the land as the only city which succeeded, though by craft, in making a league with the conquerors (Joshua 9). It was five and a half miles north-west from Jerusalem, and at a long distance both from Mahanaim and from Hebron. Here the generals of the rival monarchs met, possibly by design, but mo...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold--**This sound advice, no doubt, came from a higher source than Gad's own sagacity. It was right to appear publicly among the people of his own tribe, as one conscious of innocence and trusting in God; and it was expedient that, on the death of Saul, his friends might be encouraged to support his interest. **forest of Hareth--**southwest...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool. together: Heb. them together

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'an...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Joab the son of Zeruiah.**—Zeruiah was David’s sister (1Chronicles 2:16), and Joab the most prominent of her three distinguished sons. Subsequently, by his successful leading of the forlorn hope in the siege of Jerusalem (1Chronicles 11:6; comp. 2Samuel 5:8), he became permanently established as commanaer-in-chief of David’s army. He was undoubtedly among “the brethren of David” who came do...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Saul abode ... under a tree in Ramah--**literally, "under a grove on a hill." Oriental princes frequently sit with their court under some shady canopy in the open air. A spear was the early scepter.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before us. And Joab said, Let them arise.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period before r...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Let the young men.**—To avoid unnecessary bloodshed between the tribes of a common parentage, and also, perhaps, to prevent the weakening of the nation in the face of their common Philistine foe, Abner proposes that the struggle should be decided by a combat between a few champions chosen on either side, and Joab immediately accepts the proposal. Hervey (*Speaker’s Commentary*) aptly compar...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-8. Hear now, ye Benjamites--**This was an appeal to stimulate the patriotism or jealousy of his own tribe, from which he insinuated it was the design of David to transfer the kingdom to another. This address seems to have been made on hearing of David's return with his four hundred men to Judah. A dark suspicion had risen in the jealous mind of the king that Jonathan was aware of this movement...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-8. Hear now, ye Benjamites--**This was an appeal to stimulate the patriotism or jealousy of his own tribe, from which he insinuated it was the design of David to transfer the kingdom to another. This address seems to have been made on hearing of David's return with his four hundred men to Judah. A dark suspicion had risen in the jealous mind of the king that Jonathan was aware of this movement...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkathhazzurim, which is in Gibeon. Helkathhazzurim: that is, The field of strong men

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow's side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') m...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **Helkath – hazzurim** is interpreted in the margin “the field of strong men,” but the etymology is very doubtful. Most modern expositors understand it as meaning “the field of sharp edges.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. Doeg ... set over the servants--**Septuagint, "the mules of Saul."

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before the servants of David.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year p...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **A very sore battle.**—The combat of the twelve on each side having decided nothing, the two hosts joined battle. Abner and the Israelites were worsted. The numbers engaged were probably not large, as the whole number of the slain was nineteen on David’s side, and 360 on that of Israel (2Samuel 2:30-31). It was, however, a turning-point in the struggle.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. he inquired of the Lord for him--**Some suppose that this was a malicious fiction of Doeg to curry favor with the king, but Ahimelech seems to acknowledge the fact. The poor simple-minded high priest knew nothing of the existing family feud between Saul and David. The informer, if he knew it, said nothing of the cunning artifice by which David obtained the aid of Ahimelech. The facts looked ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 8-17** The nation in general refused David. By this the Lord trained up his servant for future honour and usefulness; and the tendency of true godliness was shown in his behaviour while passing through various difficulties. David was herein a type of Christ, whom Israel would not submit to, though anointed of the Father to be a Prince and a Saviour to them. Abner meant, Let the young ...
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And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. of foot: Heb. of his feet as a wild: Heb. as one of the roes that is in the field

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-ye...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner. from: Heb. from after Abner

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year peri...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Asahel pursued after Abner.**—Asahel, the youngest of the three nephews of David, took part in the battle with his elder brothers, and well knowing how completely the cause of Ish-bosheth depended upon Abner, pertinaciously sought him out in the pursuit. His great fleetness enabled him to overtake Abner and, coming behind him, endanger his life. Abner was unwilling to injure him, and only a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period before ruling all Israel demonst...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him. armour: or, spoil

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Abner said to him, Turn thee aside to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reign...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother?</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official ro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, em...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **The hill of Ammah.**—No identification of either Ammah or Giah has yet been made, but as it was “by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon,” it may be conjectured that it was not far from that town, and hence that the pursuit was not long.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-18. the footmen that stood about him--**his bodyguard, or his runners (1Sa 8:11; 2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5; 1Ki 14:28), who held an important place at court (2Ch 12:10). But they chose rather to disobey the king than to offend God by imbruing their hands in the blood of his ministering servants. A foreigner alone (Psa 52:1-3) could be found willing to be the executioner of this bloody and sacrilegiou...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-24** Death often comes by ways we least suspect. We are often betrayed by the accomplishments we are proud of! Asahel's swiftness, which he presumed so much upon, did him no service, but hastened his end.

And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an hill.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seve...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **The children of Benjamin.**—The rest of Abner’s force appears to have been hopelessly scattered in the flight, but he succeeded in rallying the Benjamites, his own and Saul’s kinsmen, in a strong position “on the top of an hill.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-18. the footmen that stood about him--**his bodyguard, or his runners (1Sa 8:11; 2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5; 1Ki 14:28), who held an important place at court (2Ch 12:10). But they chose rather to disobey the king than to offend God by imbruing their hands in the blood of his ministering servants. A foreigner alone (Psa 52:1-3) could be found willing to be the executioner of this bloody and sacrilegiou...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (ו...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **Abner called to Joab.**—It may be that Abner was already considering the expediency of transferring his allegiance to the house of David, or, at least, had had enough experience of Ish-bosheth to see that it would be impossible to unite the tribes under his sway. At all events, his sense of the disastrous effects of civil war was doubtless quickened by his own defeat and present danger.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**19. Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword--**The barbarous atrocities perpetrated against this city seem to have been designed to terrify all the subjects of Saul from affording either aid or an asylum to David. But they proved ruinous to Saul's own interest, as they alienated the priesthood and disgusted all good men in the kingdom. 1Sa 22:20-23. Abiathar Escapes ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother. in the: Heb. from the morning gone: or, gone away

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Unless thou hadst spoken.**—Joab’s reply to Abner admits of either of two interpretations: (1) Joab seeks to throw the whole blame of the conflict upon Abner, by saying that if he had not proposed the combat between the champions (2Samuel 2:14) there would have been no battle, but “the people” of both sides would have separated peaceably at Gibeon; or (2), as the phrase is more generally an...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-23. one of the sons of Ahimelech ... escaped--**This was Abiathar, who repaired to David in the forest of Hareth, rescuing, with his own life, the high priest's vestments (1Sa 23:6, 9). On hearing his sad tale, David declared that he had dreaded such a fatal result from the malice and intriguing ambition of Doeg; and, accusing himself as having been the occasion of all the disaster to Abiatha...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursued after Israel no more, neither fought they any more.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **Neither fought they any more**—i.e., in this present campaign. In 2Samuel 3:1, it is said that “there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-23. one of the sons of Ahimelech ... escaped--**This was Abiathar, who repaired to David in the forest of Hareth, rescuing, with his own life, the high priest's vestments (1Sa 23:6, 9). On hearing his sad tale, David declared that he had dreaded such a fatal result from the malice and intriguing ambition of Doeg; and, accusing himself as having been the occasion of all the disaster to Abiatha...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Through the plain** (or the *Arabah*)*.*—The wilderness of Gibeon lay to the east of the town, and Abner’s flight had thus carried him towards the Jordan. He now passed up the valley of the Jordan (which the word here used generally designates), and, crossing at a ford, went “through all Bithron to Mahanaim.” Bithron is evidently the name of a district on the east of the Jordan, but is not ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-23. one of the sons of Ahimelech ... escaped--**This was Abiathar, who repaired to David in the forest of Hareth, rescuing, with his own life, the high priest's vestments (1Sa 23:6, 9). On hearing his sad tale, David declared that he had dreaded such a fatal result from the malice and intriguing ambition of Doeg; and, accusing himself as having been the occasion of all the disaster to Abiatha...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Jud...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Joab returned.**—He cannot be supposed to have returned that day farther than to Gibeon, since it was already sunset (2Samuel 2:24) before the pursuit ended. There, doubtless, he mustered his forces, and counted and buried the slain. **Nineteen men.**—It is uncertain whether these numbers include the twelve champion combatants on each side. The great disparity of numbers slain on the two si...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20-23. one of the sons of Ahimelech ... escaped--**This was Abiathar, who repaired to David in the forest of Hareth, rescuing, with his own life, the high priest's vestments (1Sa 23:6, 9). On hearing his sad tale, David declared that he had dreaded such a fatal result from the malice and intriguing ambition of Doeg; and, accusing himself as having been the occasion of all the disaster to Abiatha...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year p...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Beth-lehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew <em>vayyimloch</em> (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's off...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **They took up Asahel.**—The bodies of the ordinary soldiers were probably buried on the spot, but on account of Asahel’s position and near relationship to David, his body was carried to Bethlehem, for burial “in the sepulchre of his father.” It thus appears that Zeruiah’s husband (of whom there is no other mention) was also of Bethlehem. The burial must have taken place on the next day (see ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 23 1Sa 23:1-6. David Rescues Keilah. **1. Then they told David--**rather, "now they had told"; for this information had reached him previous to his hearing (1Sa 23:6) of the Nob tragedy. **Keilah--**a city in the west of Judah (Jos 15:44), not far from the forest of Hareth. **and they rob the threshing-floors--**These were commonly situated on the fields and were open to the wind (...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-32** Abner appeals to Joab concerning the miserable consequences of a civil war. Those who make light of such unnatural contests, will find that they are bitterness to all concerned. How easy it is for men to use reason, when it makes for them, who would not use it, if it made against them! See how the issue of things alter men's minds! The same thing which looked pleasant in the m...
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