King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 2:31 Mean?

2 Samuel 2:31 in the King James Version says “But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died. — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.

2 Samuel 2:31 · KJV


Context

29

And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim.

30

And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David's servants nineteen men and Asahel.

31

But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.

32

And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner's men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew vayyimloch (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period before ruling all Israel demonstrates patient trust in God's timing. Theological themes include divine election, the gradual unfolding of God's promises through historical process, and the reality that human resistance to God's plans produces genuine suffering.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 2 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding divine timing, patience in promises provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of divine timing, patience in promises?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וְעַבְדֵ֣י1 of 11

But the servants

H5650

a servant

דָוִ֗ד2 of 11

of David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

הִכּוּ֙3 of 11

had smitten

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן4 of 11

of Benjamin

H1144

binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

וּבְאַנְשֵׁ֖י5 of 11

men

H582

properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)

אַבְנֵ֑ר6 of 11

and of Abner's

H74

abner, an israelite

שְׁלֹשׁ7 of 11

so that three

H7969

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

מֵא֧וֹת8 of 11

hundred

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים9 of 11

and threescore

H8346

sixty

אִ֖ישׁ10 of 11

men

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

מֵֽתוּ׃11 of 11

died

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 2:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 2:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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