King James Version

What Does Titus 3:5 Mean?

Titus 3:5 in the King James Version says “Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration... — study this verse from Titus chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;

Titus 3:5 · KJV


Context

3

For we ourselves also were sometimes foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.

4

But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared, love: or, pity

5

Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;

6

Which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour; abundantly: Gr. richly

7

That being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Not by works of righteousness which we have done—οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς (ouk ex ergōn tōn en dikaiosynē ha epoiēsamen hēmeis)—emphatic negation of works-based salvation. ἔργα (erga, works) ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ (en dikaiosynē, in righteousness) are our best moral efforts. Paul demolishes all merit theology: salvation isn't earned.

But according to his mercy he saved us (ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς, alla kata to autou eleos esōsen hēmas)—κατὰ τὸ ἔλεος (kata to eleos, according to mercy) defines salvation's basis. ἔσωσεν (esōsen, he saved)—aorist tense: accomplished fact. By the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost (διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου, dia loutrou palingenesias kai anakainōseōs pneumatos hagiou)—λουτρόν (loutron, washing/bath), παλιγγενεσία (palingenesia, rebirth/regeneration), ἀνακαίνωσις (anakainōsis, renewal). Baptismal imagery depicts spiritual reality: cleansing, new birth, Spirit's work.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This verse is Reformation bedrock: sola gratia, sola fide. Against medieval works-righteousness, Luther and Calvin recovered Paul's insistence on grace alone. The regenerating washing references baptism as sign (not cause) of spiritual cleansing. The Spirit's renewing work makes salvation effectual, not sacramental mechanics.

Reflection Questions

  1. Do you functionally trust your works for salvation, or do you rest entirely on God's mercy and the Spirit's work?
  2. How does regeneration (being made new by the Spirit) versus mere moral reformation describe your conversion experience?
  3. In what ways do you still try to add your works to Christ's finished work as co-basis of justification?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
οὐκ1 of 23

Not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἐξ2 of 23

by

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

ἔργων3 of 23

works

G2041

toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act

τῶν4 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐν5 of 23

of

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

δικαιοσύνῃ6 of 23

righteousness

G1343

equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification

ὧν7 of 23

which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἐποιήσαμεν8 of 23

have done

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

ἡμεῖς9 of 23

we

G2249

we (only used when emphatic)

ἀλλὰ10 of 23

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

κατὰ11 of 23

according to

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

τὸν12 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

αὐτοῦ13 of 23
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἔλεον14 of 23

mercy

G1656

compassion (human or divine, especially active)

ἔσωσεν15 of 23

he saved

G4982

to save, i.e., deliver or protect (literally or figuratively)

ἡμᾶς16 of 23

us

G2248

us

διὰ17 of 23

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

λουτροῦ18 of 23

the washing

G3067

a bath, i.e., (figuratively), baptism

παλιγγενεσίας19 of 23

of regeneration

G3824

(spiritual) rebirth (the state or the act), i.e., (figuratively) spiritual renovation; specially, messianic restoration

καὶ20 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀνακαινώσεως21 of 23

renewing

G342

renovation

πνεύματος22 of 23

Ghost

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

ἁγίου23 of 23

of the Holy

G40

sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Titus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Titus 3:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Titus 3:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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