The meaning of “πνεῦμα”
Understanding pneûma reveals the original theological depth often simplified in translation.
ghost, life, spirit(-ual, -ually), mind. - a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze - by analogy or figurativel...
πνεῦμα
ghost, life, spirit(-ual, -ually), mind. - a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze - by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit
Occurrences in the Bible
| Reference | Text | |
|---|---|---|
| Matthew 12:18 | “Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased: I will put my spirit upon him, and he shall shew judgment to the Gentiles.” Word: πνεῦμα (pneûma) | |
| Romans 8:14 | “For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.” Word: πνεῦμα (pneûma) | |
| Philippians 2:1 | “If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies,” Word: πνεῦμα (pneûma) | |
| 2 Timothy 1:14 | “That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us.” Word: πνεῦμα (pneûma) | |
| 1 Peter 3:4 | “But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.” Word: πνεῦμα (pneûma) |
Theological Word Study: Spirit
Old Testament Usage
Meaning: Spirit, wind, breath
The Hebrew ruach (רוּחַ) means spirit, wind, or breath—invisible but powerful. It describes both the Holy Spirit and the human spirit. God's Spirit gives life and empowers His people.
New Testament Usage
Meaning: Spirit, wind, breath
The Greek pneuma (πνεῦμα) means spirit, wind, or breath—the immaterial aspect of persons. The Holy Spirit (Pneuma Hagion) is the third person of the Trinity, dwelling in believers.