King James Version

What Does Matthew 18:21 Mean?

Matthew 18:21 in the King James Version says “Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? — study this verse from Matthew chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?

Matthew 18:21 · KJV


Context

19

Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven.

20

For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.

21

Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?

22

Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven.

23

Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Peter's question 'Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times?' appears generous—rabbinical tradition required forgiving three times. Peter's seven seems magnanimous. But Jesus' response 'I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven' (or 'seventy-seven times,' v. 22) demands unlimited forgiveness. The point isn't literal counting (490 times) but forgiving without limit, as God forgives us. This introduces the parable of the unforgiving servant.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish teaching required forgiving three offenses; Peter's seven doubled this plus one, seemingly generous. Jesus' 'seventy times seven' deliberately echoes Genesis 4:24 where Lamech vowed unlimited vengeance—Jesus transforms unlimited vengeance into unlimited forgiveness. Kingdom citizens forgive as God forgives—without limit or scorekeeping.

Reflection Questions

  1. Whose repeated offenses are you struggling to forgive unlimited times?
  2. How does God's unlimited forgiveness of you motivate forgiving others?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
Τότε1 of 19

Then

G5119

the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)

προσελθὼν2 of 19

came

G4334

to approach, i.e., (literally) come near, visit, or (figuratively) worship, assent to

αὐτῷ3 of 19

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

4 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Πέτρος5 of 19

Peter

G4074

a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle

εἶπεν6 of 19

and said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Κύριε7 of 19

Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

ποσάκις8 of 19

how oft

G4212

how many times

ἁμαρτήσει9 of 19

sin

G264

properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin

εἰς10 of 19

against

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

ἐμὲ11 of 19

me

G1691

me

12 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀδελφός13 of 19

brother

G80

a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)

μου14 of 19

shall my

G3450

of me

καὶ15 of 19

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀφήσω16 of 19

I forgive

G863

to send forth, in various applications (as follow)

αὐτῷ17 of 19

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἕως18 of 19

till

G2193

a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)

ἑπτάκις19 of 19

seven times

G2034

seven times


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 18:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 18:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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