King James Version

What Does Matthew 16:13 Mean?

Matthew 16:13 in the King James Version says “When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of ... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?

Matthew 16:13 · KJV


Context

11

How is it that ye do not understand that I spake it not to you concerning bread, that ye should beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees?

12

Then understood they how that he bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.

13

When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?

14

And they said, Some say that thou art John the Baptist: some, Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets.

15

He saith unto them, But whom say ye that I am?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus' question 'Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?' introduces the crucial identity question. The phrase 'Son of man' (from Daniel 7:13) carries messianic implications while emphasizing His humanity. This question forces confrontation with Christ's identity—the central issue of Christianity. Reformed Christology emphasizes that right understanding of Christ's person is foundational to salvation. Various opinions about Jesus (as there are today) all fall short unless one recognizes His deity and messianic office.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Caesarea Philippi, built by Philip the Tetrarch, contained temples to Caesar and Pan. Asking about His identity in this pagan religious center emphasized the contrast: who is Jesus amid competing claims? The location's idolatry made the confession of Christ's deity more pointed. Popular opinions (John the Baptist, Elijah, Jeremiah) showed people recognized Jesus' prophetic authority but missed His divine nature.

Reflection Questions

  1. Who do you say Jesus is, beyond religious labels or opinions?
  2. How does cultural confusion about Christ's identity affect your witness?
  3. What makes accurate Christology essential to Christian faith?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 25 words
Ἐλθὼν1 of 25

came

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

δὲ2 of 25

When

G1161

but, and, etc

3 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 25

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

εἰς5 of 25

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὰ6 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μέρη7 of 25

the coasts

G3313

a division or share (literally or figuratively, in a wide application)

Καισαρείας8 of 25

of Caesarea

G2542

caesaria, the name of two places in palestine

τῆς9 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Φιλίππου10 of 25

Philippi

G5376

fond of horses; philippus, the name of four israelites

ἠρώτα11 of 25

he asked

G2065

to interrogate; by implication, to request

τοὺς12 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μαθητὰς13 of 25

disciples

G3101

a learner, i.e., pupil

αὐτοῦ14 of 25
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

λέγουσιν15 of 25

say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Τίνα16 of 25

Whom

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

με17 of 25

that I

G3165

me

λέγουσιν18 of 25

say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

οἱ19 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώπου20 of 25

do men

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

εἰναι21 of 25

am

G1511

to exist

τὸν22 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

υἱὸν23 of 25

the Son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

τοῦ24 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώπου25 of 25

do men

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 16:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 16:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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