King James Version

What Does Matthew 10:17 Mean?

Matthew 10:17 in the King James Version says “But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues; — study this verse from Matthew chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues;

Matthew 10:17 · KJV


Context

15

Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city.

16

Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves. harmless: or, simple

17

But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues;

18

And ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them and the Gentiles.

19

But when they deliver you up, take no thought how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that same hour what ye shall speak.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus warns of persecution: 'beware of men: for they will deliver you up to the councils, and they will scourge you in their synagogues' (προσεχετε δε απο των ανθρωπων παραδωσουσιν γαρ υμας εις συνεδρια και εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων μαστιγωσουσιν υμας). 'Beware' (προσεχετε) means be alert, watchful, cautious. 'Councils' (συνεδρια) were local Jewish courts administering justice and discipline. 'Scourge' (μαστιγωσουσιν) was brutal punishment: thirty-nine lashes with leather whips. That this happens 'in their synagogues'—houses of worship—reveals religious opposition's intensity. Persecution comes not from secular authorities but religious leaders. This pattern continues: Stephen stoned by Sanhedrin, Paul beaten in synagogues, early Christians expelled from Jewish communities. Jesus prepares disciples for costly discipleship—following Him means suffering.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish councils (Sanhedrin at Jerusalem, local councils elsewhere) handled religious and civil matters. Synagogue discipline included excommunication and corporal punishment. Deuteronomy 25:1-3 limited flogging to forty lashes; Jewish practice reduced to thirty-nine as safety margin. Paul received this punishment five times (2 Corinthians 11:24). Jesus Himself faced religious trial before Sanhedrin (Matthew 26:59). Early church's primary persecution came from Jewish authorities before Roman persecution intensified. Jesus' prediction proved accurate: Acts chronicles repeated synagogue opposition.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does religious opposition often prove fiercer than secular persecution?
  2. How should Christians prepare mentally and spiritually for potential persecution?
  3. What does Jesus' warning teach about counting the cost of discipleship?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
προσέχετε1 of 17

beware

G4337

(figuratively) to hold the mind (3563 implied) towards, i.e., pay attention to, be cautious about, apply oneself to, adhere to

δὲ2 of 17

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ἀπὸ3 of 17

of

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

τῶν4 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώπων·5 of 17

men

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

παραδώσουσιν6 of 17

they will deliver

G3860

to surrender, i.e yield up, entrust, transmit

γὰρ7 of 17

for

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

ὑμᾶς·8 of 17

you

G5209

you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)

εἰς9 of 17

to

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

συνέδρια10 of 17

the councils

G4892

a joint session, i.e., (specially), the jewish sanhedrin; by analogy, a subordinate tribunal

καὶ11 of 17

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐν12 of 17

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ταῖς13 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

συναγωγαῖς14 of 17

synagogues

G4864

an assemblage of persons; specially, a jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by analogy, a christian church

αὐτῶν15 of 17
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

μαστιγώσουσιν16 of 17

they will scourge

G3146

to flog (literally or figuratively)

ὑμᾶς·17 of 17

you

G5209

you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 10:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 10:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study