King James Version

What Does Luke 23:46 Mean?

Luke 23:46 in the King James Version says “And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, h... — study this verse from Luke chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

Luke 23:46 · KJV


Context

44

And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. earth: or, land

45

And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

46

And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

47

Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

48

And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus' final words: 'Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.' The prayer quotes Psalm 31:5, a bedtime prayer of trust. Jesus consciously, voluntarily surrendered His spirit—He wasn't killed; He laid down His life (John 10:18). The address 'Father' maintains intimate relationship even in death. 'Commend' (Greek 'paratithēmi,' παρατίθημι) means to deposit for safekeeping—Jesus entrusts His spirit to the Father's care. 'Gave up the ghost' (Greek 'exepneusen,' ἐξέπνευσεν, breathed out) indicates Jesus' voluntary death. This peaceful surrender contrasts His earlier agony, showing mission accomplished, atonement complete.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jesus' quoting Psalm 31:5 showed His trust in the Father even through death. His death occurred after six hours on the cross (noon to 3pm darkness, v. 44). The centurion witnessing this declared, 'Certainly this was a righteous man' (v. 47), recognizing something extraordinary. Jesus' voluntary death fulfilled His prediction that no one takes His life from Him—He lays it down (John 10:18). The torn temple veil (v. 45) symbolized access to God opened through Jesus' death. His peaceful surrender into the Father's hands models believers' death—we entrust our spirits to God, confident of resurrection.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Jesus' voluntary surrender of His spirit teach about His death as willing sacrifice rather than tragic murder?
  2. How does Jesus' quoting Psalm 31:5 and commending His spirit to the Father model trust for believers facing death?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
καὶ1 of 19

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

φωνήσας2 of 19

had cried

G5455

to emit a sound (animal, human or instrumental); by implication, to address in words or by name, also in imitation

φωνῇ3 of 19

voice

G5456

a tone (articulate, bestial or artificial); by implication, an address (for any purpose), saying or language

μεγάλῃ4 of 19

with a loud

G3173

big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)

5 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς6 of 19

when Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

εἰπὼν7 of 19

having said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Πάτερ8 of 19

Father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

εἰς9 of 19

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

χεῖράς10 of 19

hands

G5495

the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)

σου11 of 19

thy

G4675

of thee, thy

παραθήσομαι12 of 19

I commend

G3908

to place alongside, i.e., present (food, truth); by implication, to deposit (as a trust or for protection)

τὸ13 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πνεῦμά14 of 19

spirit

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

μου15 of 19

my

G3450

of me

καὶ16 of 19

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ταῦτα17 of 19

thus

G5023

these things

εἰπὼν18 of 19

having said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

ἐξέπνευσεν19 of 19

he gave up the ghost

G1606

to expire


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 23:46 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 23:46 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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