King James Version

What Does Acts 2:18 Mean?

Acts 2:18 in the King James Version says “And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy: — study this verse from Acts chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy:

Acts 2:18 · KJV


Context

16

But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel;

17

And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams:

18

And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy:

19

And I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; blood, and fire, and vapour of smoke:

20

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Joel's prophecy of the Spirit poured on 'servants' and 'handmaidens' demonstrates the New Covenant's radical egalitarianism - social status cannot limit the Spirit's distribution. The Greek 'doulois' (slaves) and 'doulais' (female slaves) shows that the lowest social classes receive the same Spirit as apostles and prophets. This contradicts worldly hierarchy, where power flows downward; in God's economy, the Spirit descends equally on all believers regardless of race, class, or gender.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

In first-century Rome, slaves comprised up to 30% of the population, legally considered property without rights. Jewish society, while more humane, still maintained clear social stratification. That the Spirit would fall on slaves and female slaves shocked contemporary sensibilities, demonstrating the gospel's social revolutionary power.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the Spirit's equal distribution challenge worldly systems of privilege and hierarchy?
  2. In what ways might you be limiting the Spirit's work based on cultural expectations rather than biblical truth?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
καὶ1 of 22

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

γε2 of 22
G1065

doubtless, since

ἐπὶ3 of 22

on

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τοὺς4 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δούλους5 of 22

servants

G1401

a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)

μου6 of 22

my

G3450

of me

καὶ7 of 22

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπὶ8 of 22

on

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

τὰς9 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δούλας10 of 22

handmaidens

G1399

a female slave (involuntarily or voluntarily)

μου11 of 22

my

G3450

of me

ἐν12 of 22

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ταῖς13 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἡμέραις14 of 22

days

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

ἐκείναις15 of 22

those

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed

ἐκχεῶ16 of 22

I will pour out

G1632

to pour forth; figuratively, to bestow

ἀπὸ17 of 22

of

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

τοῦ18 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πνεύματός19 of 22

Spirit

G4151

a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

μου20 of 22

my

G3450

of me

καὶ21 of 22

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

προφητεύσουσιν22 of 22

they shall prophesy

G4395

to foretell events, divine, speak under inspiration, exercise the prophetic office


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 2:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 2:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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