King James Version

What Does 1 Corinthians 7:21 Mean?

1 Corinthians 7:21 in the King James Version says “Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather. — study this verse from 1 Corinthians chapter 7 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.

1 Corinthians 7:21 · KJV


Context

19

Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.

20

Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.

21

Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.

22

For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant. freeman: Gr. made free

23

Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Art thou called being a servant? care not for it—the term doulos (δοῦλος, "slave") refers to actual slavery, a fundamental institution in Roman society. Paul's command mé soi meletō (μή σοι μελέτω, "let it not be a concern to you") urges slaves not to let their status trouble them spiritually. Freedom in Christ transcends earthly bondage.

However, Paul adds but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather. The phrase all' ei kai dynasai eleutheros genesthai (ἀλλ᾽ εἰ καὶ δύνασαι ἐλεύθερος γενέσθαι) with chrēsai mallon (χρῆσαι μᾶλλον, "make use of it rather") has been debated: "use" what? (1) Use your freedom if offered, or (2) make use of your slavery. Most interpret (1): if freedom is available, take it.

Paul's teaching balances contentment in one's calling with prudent pursuit of improvement when possible. Slaves should not despair in their status, nor should they feel obligated to remain slaves when freedom is attainable. This reflects Paul's pastoral realism: spiritual freedom in Christ is paramount, but earthly freedom is also good and worth pursuing.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Slavery was ubiquitous in the Roman Empire, with perhaps 20-30% of the population enslaved. The early church included many slaves (Philemon, Onesimus; Colossians 3:22-4:1). Paul's teaching did not directly oppose slavery as an institution but affirmed slaves' full dignity in Christ while permitting pursuit of freedom.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Paul's teaching balance spiritual contentment in slavery with the legitimate desire for freedom?
  2. What does it mean that slaves are "free in the Lord" even while physically enslaved?
  3. How should this verse inform Christian attitudes toward social justice and systemic oppression?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
δοῦλος1 of 13

being a servant

G1401

a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)

ἐκλήθης2 of 13

Art thou called

G2564

to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise)

μή3 of 13

not

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

σοι4 of 13
G4671

to thee

μελέτω·5 of 13

care

G3199

to be of interest to, i.e., to concern (only third person singular present indicative used impersonally, it matters)

ἀλλ'6 of 13

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

εἰ7 of 13
G1487

if, whether, that, etc

καὶ8 of 13
G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

δύνασαι9 of 13

thou mayest

G1410

to be able or possible

ἐλεύθερος10 of 13

free

G1658

unrestrained (to go at pleasure), i.e., (as a citizen) not a slave (whether freeborn or manumitted), or (genitive case) exempt (from obligation or lia

γενέσθαι11 of 13

be made

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

μᾶλλον12 of 13

it rather

G3123

(adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather

χρῆσαι13 of 13

use

G5530

to furnish what is needed; (give an oracle, "graze" (touch slightly), light upon, etc.), i.e., (by implication) to employ or (by extension) to act tow


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Corinthians. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Corinthians 7:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Corinthians 7:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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