The meaning of “δοῦλος”
Understanding doûlos reveals the original theological depth often simplified in translation.
bond(-man), servant. - a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary - frequently, therefore in a qualified s...
δοῦλος
bond(-man), servant. - a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary - frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
Occurrences in the Bible
| Reference | Text | |
|---|---|---|
| Matthew 22:4 | “Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.” Word: δοῦλος (doûlos) | |
| Acts 4:29 | “And now, Lord, behold their threatenings: and grant unto thy servants, that with all boldness they may speak thy word,” Word: δοῦλος (doûlos) | |
| Galatians 4:1 | “Now I say, That the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant, though he be lord of all;” Word: δοῦλος (doûlos) | |
| 1 Timothy 6:1 | “Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honour, that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed.” Word: δοῦλος (doûlos) | |
| James 1:1 | “James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting.” Word: δοῦλος (doûlos) |
Theological Word Study: Servant
Old Testament Usage
Meaning: Servant, slave
The Hebrew eved (עֶבֶד) means servant or slave—one who serves a master. Moses and David were called servants of the LORD, and Isaiah prophesied a Suffering Servant who would bear the sins of many (Isaiah 53).
New Testament Usage
Meaning: Servant, bondservant, slave
The Greek doulos (δοῦλος) means slave or bondservant—one wholly devoted to a master. Paul called himself a 'servant of Jesus Christ' (Romans 1:1). Christ 'took upon him the form of a servant' (Philippians 2:7).