King James Version

What Does Mark 12:35 Mean?

Mark 12:35 in the King James Version says “And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David? — study this verse from Mark chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?

Mark 12:35 · KJV


Context

33

And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

34

And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

35

And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?

36

For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool .

37

David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus shifts from answering questions to asking one: How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David? (Πῶς λέγουσιν οἱ γραμματεῖς ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς υἱὸς Δαυίδ ἐστιν;) This isn't denying Messiah's Davidic lineage—both Matthew and Luke trace Jesus' genealogy through David, and Jesus accepts the title 'Son of David' (Mark 10:47-48). Rather, Jesus challenges incomplete messianic understanding. Scribal teaching emphasized Messiah as David's descendant, a human king who would restore Israel's throne. This expectation, rooted in 2 Samuel 7:12-16 and Psalm 89, was politically charged—many anticipated violent overthrow of Rome.

By asking 'how' (πῶς, pōs) the scribes reach this conclusion, Jesus probes the adequacy of their interpretation. If Messiah is merely David's human descendant, how can David call him 'Lord' (v. 37)? The question exposes the limitation of purely human categories for understanding Christ. Messiah is indeed David's son (humanity) but also David's Lord (divinity)—the God-man who fulfills messianic promises in unexpected ways. Jesus teaches in the temple, publicly challenging official interpretation in Judaism's authoritative center.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish messianic expectation in the first century heavily emphasized political-military deliverance. The Psalms of Solomon (written c. 50 BC after Roman conquest) prayed for a Davidic warrior-king to defeat Gentile oppressors. Zealots advocated armed rebellion. Even Jesus' disciples expected imminent establishment of the kingdom (Acts 1:6). 2 Samuel 7 promised David an eternal dynasty; Isaiah 9:6-7 and 11:1-10 described an ideal Davidic king. But scribal interpretation often missed the Suffering Servant passages (Isaiah 42, 49, 50, 53) that revealed Messiah's path to glory through suffering. Jesus repeatedly corrected this misunderstanding, teaching that the Son of Man must suffer, die, and rise (Mark 8:31; 9:31; 10:33-34). His question in the temple—asked days before His crucifixion—presses hearers to reconsider who Messiah truly is.

Reflection Questions

  1. How did first-century Jewish expectations of a conquering political Messiah blind many to recognizing Jesus' true messianic identity?
  2. What modern 'messianic' expectations (personal prosperity, political power, national triumph) might obscure Christ's actual call to servant-hearted suffering love?
  3. Why is it essential to affirm both Jesus' full humanity (Son of David) and full divinity (David's Lord)?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 19 words
Καὶ1 of 19

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀποκριθεὶς2 of 19

answered

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

3 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 19

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

λέγουσιν5 of 19

and said

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

διδάσκων6 of 19

while he taught

G1321

to teach (in the same broad application)

ἐν7 of 19

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ8 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἱερῷ9 of 19

the temple

G2411

a sacred place, i.e., the entire precincts (whereas g3485 denotes the central sanctuary itself) of the temple (at jerusalem or elsewhere)

Πῶς10 of 19

How

G4459

an interrogative particle of manner; in what way? (sometimes the question is indirect, how?); also as exclamation, how much!

λέγουσιν11 of 19

and said

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

οἱ12 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραμματεῖς13 of 19

the scribes

G1122

a professional writer

ὅτι14 of 19

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

15 of 19
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Χριστὸς16 of 19

Christ

G5547

anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

υἱὸς17 of 19

the Son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

ἐστιν18 of 19

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Δαβίδ19 of 19

of David

G1138

david, the israelite king


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 12:35 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 12:35 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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