King James Version

What Does Luke 20:41 Mean?

Luke 20:41 in the King James Version says “And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son? — study this verse from Luke chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?

Luke 20:41 · KJV


Context

39

Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.

40

And after that they durst not ask him any question at all.

41

And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?

42

And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,

43

Till I make thine enemies thy footstool .


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son? (Εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς, Πῶς λέγουσιν τὸν Χριστὸν εἶναι Δαυὶδ υἱόν; Eipen de pros autous, Pōs legousin ton Christon einai Dauid huion?)—After silencing opponents, Jesus takes offensive with His own question. Pōs (how?) challenges conventional Messianic understanding. Christ (Χριστόν, Christon), Greek for 'Anointed One' (Hebrew Mashiach/Messiah), was universally understood as David's son (Δαυὶδ υἱόν) based on 2 Samuel 7:12-16, Isaiah 11:1, Jeremiah 23:5.

Jesus isn't denying Messianic Davidic descent—Matthew and Luke trace His genealogy through David. Rather, He's exposing incomplete Christology. If Messiah is merely David's son (i.e., descendant), how can David call Him 'Lord'? This riddle points to Messiah's dual nature: fully human (David's son) and fully divine (David's Lord). The religious leaders understood Messiah's humanity but missed His deity—a blindness that led them to crucify the Lord of glory.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Messianic expectation focused on earthly, political restoration of Davidic kingdom. Most Jews anticipated a human warrior-king who would defeat Rome. Jesus's question challenges this reductionist view, preparing for the revelation that Messiah must first suffer (Isaiah 53) before reigning (Revelation 19-20). Early church christological debates (Councils of Nicaea, Chalcedon) wrestled with this mystery of Christ's two natures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can Messiah be both David's son (subordinate descendant) and David's Lord (superior deity)?
  2. What incomplete or reductionist views of Jesus persist today, emphasizing His humanity while minimizing His divinity, or vice versa?
  3. How does Jesus's question model using Scripture to challenge inadequate theological formulations?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
Εἶπεν1 of 11

he said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

δὲ2 of 11

And

G1161

but, and, etc

πρὸς3 of 11

unto

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

αὐτούς4 of 11

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Πῶς5 of 11

How

G4459

an interrogative particle of manner; in what way? (sometimes the question is indirect, how?); also as exclamation, how much!

λέγουσιν6 of 11

say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

τὸν7 of 11
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Χριστὸν8 of 11

they that Christ

G5547

anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

υἱόν9 of 11

son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

Δαβὶδ10 of 11

David's

G1138

david, the israelite king

εἶναι11 of 11

is

G1511

to exist


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 20:41 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 20:41 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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