King James Version

What Does Mark 12:37 Mean?

Mark 12:37 in the King James Version says “David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly. — study this verse from Mark chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

Mark 12:37 · KJV


Context

35

And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?

36

For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool .

37

David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

38

And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

39

And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? Jesus' rhetorical question exposes the inadequacy of merely human categories for understanding Messiah. If Messiah is only David's biological descendant, David wouldn't address him as κύριος (kyrios = 'Lord'), a title of superior authority. The word 'whence' (πόθεν, pothen = 'from where,' 'how') probes the origin and nature of Messiah's sonship. The answer: Messiah is David's son according to the flesh (Romans 1:3) but David's Lord according to divine nature (Romans 9:5; Philippians 2:9-11).

This christological riddle points to the Incarnation—the eternal Son of God taking human flesh. Jesus is fully God (thus David's Lord) and fully man (thus David's son). The scribes' incomplete theology couldn't reconcile these realities; Jesus reveals them as necessary for Messiah's saving work. Mark notes the common people heard him gladly (ὁ πολὺς ὄχλος ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ ἡδέως)—Jesus' teaching delighted ordinary folk even as it confounded religious experts. The adverb ἡδέως (hēdeōs = 'gladly,' 'with pleasure') suggests enthusiastic reception. The crowds sensed Jesus' authority and were drawn to truth, even when they didn't fully grasp its implications.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This teaching occurred in the temple during the final week of Jesus' life. The religious establishment, threatened by Jesus' popularity and authority, sought grounds to arrest Him (Mark 11:18; 12:12). Jesus' public questioning of scribal Christology challenged their authority and exposed their inadequate understanding. Within days, these same scribes would demand His crucifixion, ironically fulfilling Psalm 110's prophecy that God would defeat Messiah's enemies. The 'common people' (ὁ πολὺς ὄχλος, literally 'the large crowd') represents ordinary Jews who lacked formal theological training but recognized Jesus' wisdom. This dynamic—religious elites rejecting Jesus while common folk embraced Him—fulfilled Isaiah 29:13-14 and showed that spiritual insight isn't the province of human learning but divine revelation (Matthew 11:25-27).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the mystery of Christ's dual nature (fully God and fully man) humble human reason while inviting faith?
  2. Why did Jesus' teaching attract 'common people' while alienating religious experts, and what does this reveal about the nature of saving faith?
  3. In what ways does contemporary Christianity need to recover the scandal of the Incarnation—God becoming human flesh?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
αὐτοῦ1 of 18

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

οὖν2 of 18

therefore

G3767

(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly

Δαβὶδ3 of 18

David

G1138

david, the israelite king

λέγει4 of 18

calleth

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτοῦ5 of 18

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

κύριον6 of 18

Lord

G2962

supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

καὶ7 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πόθεν8 of 18

whence

G4159

from which (as interrogative) or what (as relative) place, state, source or cause

υἱός9 of 18

son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

αὐτοῦ10 of 18

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐστιν11 of 18

is he

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

καὶ12 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

13 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πολὺς14 of 18

the common

G4183

(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely

ὄχλος15 of 18

people

G3793

a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot

ἤκουεν16 of 18

heard

G191

to hear (in various senses)

αὐτοῦ17 of 18

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἡδέως18 of 18

gladly

G2234

sweetly, i.e., (figuratively) with pleasure


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 12:37 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 12:37 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study