King James Version

What Does John 13:38 Mean?

John 13:38 in the King James Version says “Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, t... — study this verse from John chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.

John 13:38 · KJV


Context

36

Simon Peter said unto him, Lord, whither goest thou? Jesus answered him, Whither I go, thou canst not follow me now; but thou shalt follow me afterwards.

37

Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake.

38

Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? (ἀποκρίνεται Ἰησοῦς· Τὴν ψυχήν σου ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ θήσεις, apokrinetai Iēsous· Tēn psychēn sou hyper emou thēseis)—Jesus questions Peter's confident self-assessment (13:37). The verb θήσεις (thēseis, 'will you lay down') echoes Jesus's own statement about laying down His life (John 10:11, 15). Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice (ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, οὐ μὴ ἀλέκτωρ φωνήσῃ ἕως οὗ ἀρνήσῃ με τρίς, amēn amēn legō soi, ou mē alektōr phōnēsē heōs hou arnēsē me tris)—The double ἀμὴν (amēn, 'verily') emphasizes certainty. Peter will deny (ἀρνήσῃ, arnēsē, 'deny, disown') Jesus τρίς (tris, 'three times') before dawn.

This prophecy reveals Jesus's omniscience and Peter's overconfidence. Peter genuinely intended loyalty but didn't know his own weakness. Jesus's prediction isn't cruel but preparatory—knowing Peter will fail yet be restored teaches that discipleship depends on Christ's keeping power, not human strength. Peter's restoration (John 21:15-19) would prove grace triumphs over failure.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This occurred in the Upper Room during the Last Supper, hours before Peter's actual denials (John 18:15-27). Peter's self-confidence was characteristic—he repeatedly spoke impulsively (Matthew 14:28; 16:22; 17:4). Yet Jesus chose him to lead the church, demonstrating God uses broken, restored sinners, not perfect saints.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Peter's overconfidence warn against trusting our own strength rather than depending on Christ's sustaining grace?
  2. What does Jesus's foreknowledge of Peter's failure yet continued investment in him teach about God's patient discipleship?
  3. How should Christians respond when we fail Christ—with despair like Judas or repentance like Peter?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
ἀπεκρίθη1 of 23

answered

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

αὐτῷ2 of 23

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

3 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 23

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

Τὴν5 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ψυχήν6 of 23

life

G5590

breath, i.e., (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from g4151, wh

σου7 of 23

thy

G4675

of thee, thy

ὑπὲρ8 of 23

for

G5228

"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super

ἐμοῦ9 of 23

my sake

G1700

of me

θήσεις10 of 23

Wilt thou lay down

G5087

to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr

ἀμὴν11 of 23

Verily

G281

properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)

ἀμὴν12 of 23

Verily

G281

properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)

λέγω13 of 23

I say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

σοι14 of 23

unto thee

G4671

to thee

οὐ15 of 23
G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

μὴ16 of 23
G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ἀλέκτωρ17 of 23

The cock

G220

a cock or male fowl

φωνήσει18 of 23

crow

G5455

to emit a sound (animal, human or instrumental); by implication, to address in words or by name, also in imitation

ἕως19 of 23

till

G2193

a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)

οὗ20 of 23
G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

ἀπαρνήσῃ21 of 23

thou hast denied

G533

to deny utterly, i.e., disown, abstain

με22 of 23

me

G3165

me

τρίς23 of 23

thrice

G5151

three times


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 13:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 13:38 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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