King James Version

What Does Luke 22:34 Mean?

Luke 22:34 in the King James Version says “And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest ... — study this verse from Luke chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.

Luke 22:34 · KJV


Context

32

But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.

33

And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both into prison, and to death.

34

And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.

35

And he said unto them, When I sent you without purse, and scrip, and shoes, lacked ye any thing? And they said, Nothing.

36

Then said he unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and buy one.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me—Jesus's specific prediction (τρὶς ἀπαρνήσῃ, tris aparnese—three times you will deny) demonstrates divine omniscience and sets up Peter's restoration. The threefold denial would require threefold confession (John 21:15-17) for full healing. Deny (ἀπαρνέομαι, aparneomai) means to disown, renounce completely—the same word used for disciples who must "deny themselves" to follow Christ (Luke 9:23).

Jesus's foreknowledge wasn't merely prediction but pastoral preparation. He warned Peter so that when the rooster crowed, the disciple would remember Christ's words and repent rather than despair like Judas. The failure was certain, but not final. This reveals God's sovereign use of even our sins to humble and refine us when we belong to Christ through genuine, though faltering, faith.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roosters typically crowed at predictable times during the night (Mark 13:35 mentions the "cockcrowing" as a watch period). Peter's denial occurred in the high priest's courtyard during Jesus's trial, with multiple accusers recognizing Peter's Galilean accent. The public nature of the denial before servants and guards made Peter's shame more acute, yet Jesus later restored him publicly at the lakeside breakfast.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus's foreknowledge of Peter's failure yet continuing love demonstrate the security of salvation for genuine believers?
  2. What is the difference between Judas's remorse leading to suicide and Peter's repentance leading to restoration?
  3. How can remembering Christ's warnings and promises help you find your way back after spiritual failure?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
1 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 18

And

G1161

but, and, etc

εἶπεν3 of 18

he said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Λέγω4 of 18

I tell

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

σοι5 of 18

thee

G4671

to thee

Πέτρε6 of 18

Peter

G4074

a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle

οὐ7 of 18
G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

μή8 of 18

that thou

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

φωνήσει9 of 18

crow

G5455

to emit a sound (animal, human or instrumental); by implication, to address in words or by name, also in imitation

σήμερον10 of 18

this day

G4594

on the (i.e., this) day (or night current or just passed); generally, now (i.e., at present, hitherto)

ἀλέκτωρ11 of 18

the cock

G220

a cock or male fowl

πρὶν12 of 18

before that

G4250

before

13 of 18

thou shalt

G2228

disjunctive, or; comparative, than

τρίς14 of 18

thrice

G5151

three times

ἀπαρνήσῃ15 of 18

deny

G533

to deny utterly, i.e., disown, abstain

μή16 of 18

that thou

G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

εἰδέναι17 of 18

knowest

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

με18 of 18

me

G3165

me


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 22:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 22:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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