King James Version

What Does Acts 13:45 Mean?

Acts 13:45 in the King James Version says “But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with envy, and spake against those things which were spoken by Pa... — study this verse from Acts chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with envy, and spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming.

Acts 13:45 · KJV


Context

43

Now when the congregation was broken up, many of the Jews and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas: who, speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God.

44

And the next sabbath day came almost the whole city together to hear the word of God.

45

But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with envy, and spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming.

46

Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.

47

For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
They were filled with envy (ἐπλήσθησαν ζήλου)—the Jews' opposition to Paul stemmed not from theological conviction but from jealousy at seeing Gentile crowds flock to hear the gospel. The verb plēthoō (filled) indicates being completely dominated by this emotion.

Contradicting and blaspheming (ἀντιλέγοντες καὶ βλασφημοῦντες)—their response escalated from mere disagreement (antilegō, speaking against) to blasphēmeō (blasphemy, slander). By rejecting God's Messiah and reviling His name, they committed the very blasphemy they accused Jesus of. This pattern—religious leaders opposing God's work out of envy—echoes the Sanhedrin's jealousy in Acts 5:17 and Pilate's recognition that envy motivated Jesus's crucifixion (Matthew 27:18). Their reaction fulfilled Jesus's warning that persecution would come from religious authorities (John 16:2).

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Historical & Cultural Context

This occurred during Paul's first missionary journey (c. AD 47-48) in Pisidian Antioch. The synagogue initially welcomed Paul (v.42), but when 'almost the whole city' gathered the next Sabbath (v.44), the Jewish leaders' jealousy erupted. This marked a pivotal moment: Paul announced he would turn to the Gentiles (v.46), establishing the pattern for his entire ministry.

Reflection Questions

  1. How might envy disguise itself as theological concern in church conflicts today?
  2. When have you witnessed spiritual leaders opposing God's work because it threatened their position or popularity?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
ἰδόντες1 of 18

saw

G1492

used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl

δὲ2 of 18

But

G1161

but, and, etc

οἱ3 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰουδαῖοι4 of 18

when the Jews

G2453

judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah

τοὺς5 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὄχλους6 of 18

the multitudes

G3793

a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot

ἐπλήσθησαν7 of 18

they were filled

G4130

to "fill" (literally or figuratively (imbue, influence, supply)); specially, to fulfil (time)

ζήλου8 of 18

with envy

G2205

properly, heat, i.e., (figuratively) "zeal" (in a favorable sense, ardor; in an unfavorable one, jealousy, as of a husband (figuratively, of god), or

καὶ9 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀντιλέγοντες10 of 18

contradicting

G483

to dispute, refuse

τοῖς11 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὑπὸ12 of 18

by

G5259

under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (

τοῦ13 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Παύλου14 of 18

Paul

G3972

(little; but remotely from a derivative of g3973, meaning the same); paulus, the name of a roman and of an apostle

λεγομένοις15 of 18

those things which were spoken

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

ἀντιλέγοντες16 of 18

contradicting

G483

to dispute, refuse

καὶ17 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

βλασφημοῦντες18 of 18

blaspheming

G987

to vilify; specially, to speak impiously


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 13:45 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 13:45 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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