About Jeremiah

Jeremiah warned Judah of coming judgment for 40 years, yet proclaimed the hope of a new covenant.

Author: JeremiahWritten: c. 627-580 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 30
JudgmentNew CovenantRepentanceSufferingFaithfulnessHope

King James Version

Jeremiah 44

30 verses with commentary

Disaster Because of Idolatry

The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews which dwell in the land of Egypt, which dwell at Migdol, and at Tahpanhes, and at Noph, and in the country of Pathros, saying,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews which dwell in the land of Egypt</strong>—this introduces Jeremiah's final recorded oracle, addressed to the Jewish diaspora in Egypt. The Hebrew construction emphasizes divine initiative: <em>haddābār ʾăšer-hāyâ</em> (the word which came). The geographical specificity—<strong>Migdol, Tahpanhes, Noph (Memphis), and Pathros</strong> (Up...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

XLIV. (1) **At Migdol, and at Tahpanhes . . .**—We find from Jeremiah 44:15 that the discourse that follows was delivered at a large gathering of the Jews at Pathros. The number of places named (the three appear in the same combination in Jeremiah 46:14) indicates the extent of the emigration. Migdol (here, as elsewhere, meaning a “tower” or “fortress”) is named in Exodus 14:2 as on the route of t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

3. (De 27:26; Ga 3:10).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, behold, this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem</strong>—God appeals to empirical evidence, using the Hebrew perfect tense <em>rəʾîtem</em> (you have seen) to emphasize their eyewitness status. They personally witnessed Jerusalem's destruction in 586 BC, yet learned nothing from it. The phrase <strong>this day they are a desolation</strong> (hayyôm hēmmâ ḥorbâ) uses the demons...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **Ye have seen . . .**—The prophet begins, naturally enough, with an appeal to the personal experience of his hearers. Was not that enough to show them that the source of all their evils had been their falling away from the faith or worship of their fathers?

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. in the day--**that is, when. The Sinaitic covenant was made some time after the exodus, but the two events are so connected as to be viewed as one. **iron furnace--**(De 4:20; 1Ki 8:51). "Furnace" expresses the searching ordeal; "iron," the long duration of it. The furnace was of earth, not of iron (Psa 12:6); a furnace, in heat and duration enough to melt even iron. God's deliverance of th...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger</strong>—the causal Hebrew particle <em>mippənê</em> (because of, on account of) establishes clear moral causation. The term <strong>wickedness</strong> (<em>rāʿātām</em>) denotes active moral evil, not mere weakness. The phrase <strong>to provoke me to anger</strong> (<em>ləhaḵʿîsēnî</em>) uses the Hiphil infinit...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. oath--**(Psa 105:9, 10). **a land flowing with milk and honey--**(See on Nu 14:8). **as it is this day--**These are the concluding words of God to the Israelites when formerly brought out of Egypt, "Obey ... that I may at this time make good the promise I made to your fathers, to give," &amp;c. [Maurer]. English Version makes the words apply to Jeremiah's time, "As ye know at this time, t...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Howbeit I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Howbeit I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them</strong>—the emphatic <em>wāʾešlaḥ</em> (and I sent) stresses divine initiative. The phrase <strong>rising early</strong> (<em>haškem wəšālōaḥ</em>) is Jeremiah's characteristic expression (used 7 times), depicting God's persistent eagerness to warn His people—like a concerned father rising before dawn to i...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Rising early and sending them . . .**—The prophet uses the same anthropomorphic language as of old (Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 25:4; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19). The term “abominable thing,” or “abomination,” though common in many of the books of the Old Testament, as in the Proverbs, where it is applied to moral enormities (*e.g., *Proverbs 3:32; Proverbs 6:16), is specially characteristic,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

6. Jeremiah was to take a prophetic tour throughout Judah, to proclaim everywhere the denunciations in the book of the law found in the temple. **Hear ... do--**(Ro 2:13; Jas 1:22).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear to turn from their wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear</strong>—the adversative <em>wəlōʾ šāməʿû</em> (but they did not hear/obey) creates sharp contrast with God's eager sending. <strong>Inclined their ear</strong> (<em>wəlōʾ-hiṭṭû ʾoznām</em>) uses the Hiphil of <em>nāṭâ</em>, meaning 'to stretch toward, lean in'—they refused even the posture of listening. This combines two levels of refusal: <e...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. rising early--**(Jr 7:13).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as at this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth</strong>—the consecutive <em>watittak</em> (and it was poured out) depicts divine wrath as liquid judgment, using the same verb for pouring out drink offerings. <strong>Fury</strong> (<em>ḥămātî</em>) and <strong>anger</strong> (<em>ʾappî</em>) represent God's intense covenant response to betrayal—not capricious rage but holy indignation ag...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. imagination--**rather, "stubbornness." **will bring--**The words, "even unto this day" (Jr 11:7), confirm English Version rather than the rendering of Rosenmuller: "I brought upon them." **words--**threats (Jr 11:3; De 27:15-26).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Therefore now thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; Wherefore commit ye this great evil against your souls, to cut off from you man and woman, child and suckling, out of Judah, to leave you none to remain; out: Heb. out of the midst of Judah

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore now thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel</strong>—the messenger formula with triple divine titles (Yahweh, God of hosts, God of Israel) adds solemnity. <em>ʾĕlōhê ṣəbāʾôt</em> (God of hosts/armies) emphasizes sovereignty over heavenly and earthly powers. The question <strong>Wherefore commit ye this great evil against your souls</strong> (<em>lāmmâ ʾattem ʿōśî...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. conspiracy--**a deliberate combination against God and against Josiah's reformation. Their idolatry is not the result of a hasty impulse (Psa 83:5; Eze 22:25).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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In that ye provoke me unto wrath with the works of your hands, burning incense unto other gods in the land of Egypt, whither ye be gone to dwell, that ye might cut yourselves off, and that ye might be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>In that ye provoke me unto wrath with the works of your hands</strong>—<em>bəmaʿăśê yədekem</em> (with the works of your hands) is technical vocabulary for idols (Deuteronomy 4:28, 27:15, 31:29; Isaiah 2:8). Idols are 'works of hands' because humans manufacture them—the absurdity of worshiping one's own creations. <strong>Burning incense unto other gods</strong> continues the indictment fr...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Burning incense unto other gods in the land of Egypt.**—The words imply that the exiles were not only carrying on the old idolatrous practices with which they had been familiar in their own lands, but had adopted those of the Egyptians. This was the evil which the prophet had all along dreaded, and which had made him from the first, like his predecessor, Isaiah (Isaiah 30:2; Isaiah 31:1), ho...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Have ye forgotten the wickedness of your fathers, and the wickedness of the kings of Judah, and the wickedness of their wives, and your own wickedness, and the wickedness of your wives, which they have committed in the land of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem? wickedness: Heb. wickednesses, or, punishments, etc

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Have ye forgotten the wickedness of your fathers</strong>—the interrogative <em>hăšəkaḥtem</em> (have you forgotten?) uses the verb <em>šākaḥ</em>, implying willful neglect, not mere lapse of memory. This introduces a genealogy of guilt covering five categories: <strong>fathers, kings of Judah, their wives, your own wickedness, wickedness of your wives</strong>. The comprehensive catalog s...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **The wickedness of their wives.**—As in the first introduction of idolatry under Solomon (1Kings 11:4) so in the reigns of his successors, as in the case of Asa (1Kings 15:13) and Ahaziah (2Chronicles 22:2), the queens for the time being, often of alien birth, seem to have been the chief patrons of foreign and idolatrous worship, and their example was naturally followed by the wives of the no...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. cry unto me--**contrasted with "cry unto the gods," (Jr 11:12). **not hearken--**(Psa 18:41; Pr 1:28; Is 1:15; Mi 3:4).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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They are not humbled even unto this day, neither have they feared, nor walked in my law, nor in my statutes, that I set before you and before your fathers. humbled: Heb. contrite

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They are not humbled even unto this day</strong>—<em>lōʾ-dukkeʾû</em> (they are not humbled/crushed) uses the Pual perfect of <em>dākāʾ</em>, a term for being crushed or broken (Psalm 34:18, 51:17; Isaiah 57:15). The phrase <em>ʿad hayyôm hazzeh</em> (even unto this day) emphasizes the ongoing nature of their hardness—witnessing Jerusalem's destruction produced no brokenness. <strong>Neith...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. cry unto the gods ... not save--**(De 32:37, 38). Compare this verse and beginning of Jr 11:13; Jr 2:28. **in the time of their trouble--**that is, calamity (Jr 2:27).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will set my face against you for evil, and to cut off all Judah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold</strong>—the triple-formula messenger introduction (Yahweh, God of hosts, God of Israel) plus the attention particle <em>hinnēh</em> (behold) creates maximum solemnity for announcing irrevocable judgment. <strong>I will set my face against you for evil</strong> (<em>hinnənî śām pānay bākem lərāʿâ</em>)—the anthropomorphic ph...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**13. shameful thing--**Hebrew, "shame," namely, the idol, not merely shameful, but the essence of all that is shameful (Jr 3:24; Ho 9:10), which will bring shame and confusion on yourselves [Calvin].

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be consumed, and fall in the land of Egypt; they shall even be consumed by the sword and by the famine: they shall die, from the least even unto the greatest, by the sword and by the famine: and they shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt</strong>—the ironic contrast is devastating. God <strong>sets His face against them</strong> (v. 11) because <strong>they set their faces</strong> (<em>śāmû ʾet-pənêhem</em>) toward Egypt. The identical idiom shows competing determinations: God's resolve versus theirs. <strong>They shall all be con...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

14. There is a climax of guilt which admits of no further intercessory prayer (Ex 32:10, in the Chaldee version, "leave off praying"; Jr 7:16; 1Sa 16:1; 15:35; 1Jo 5:16). Our mind should be at one with God in all that He is doing, even in the rejection of the reprobate. **for their trouble--**on account of their trouble. Other manuscripts read, "in the time of their trouble;" a gloss from Jr 11:...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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For I will punish them that dwell in the land of Egypt, as I have punished Jerusalem, by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I will punish them that dwell in the land of Egypt, as I have punished Jerusalem</strong> (וּפָקַדְתִּי עַל־יוֹשְׁבֵי אֶרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם)—The verb <em>paqad</em> (פָּקַד) means to visit, attend to, or reckon with, often used for divine judgment. God's covenantal justice is geographically impartial: fleeing to Egypt cannot evade His hand.<br><br>The triple judgment formula—<strong>by the sword...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **I will punish them that dwell in the land of Egypt.**—The words point, like those of Jeremiah 43:11, to a punishment which should fall on the whole of Egypt, and from which the Jews who dwelt in it should find no exemption.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**15. my beloved--**My elect people, Judea; this aggravates their ingratitude (Jr 12:7). **lewdness with many--**(Eze 16:25). Rather, "that great (or, manifold) enormity"; literally, "the enormity, the manifold"; namely, their idolatry, which made their worship of God in the temple a mockery (compare Jr 7:10; Eze 23:39) [Henderson]. **holy flesh--**(Hag 2:12-14; Tit 1:15), namely, the sacrific...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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So that none of the remnant of Judah, which are gone into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall escape or remain, that they should return into the land of Judah, to the which they have a desire to return to dwell there: for none shall return but such as shall escape. have: Heb. lift up their soul

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>None of the remnant of Judah...shall escape or remain</strong> (וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה פָּלִיט וְשָׂרִיד)—The paired terms <em>paliyt</em> (פָּלִיט, escapee) and <em>sarid</em> (שָׂרִיד, survivor) form a comprehensive negation. Those who thought themselves 'remnant' (שְׁאֵרִית, <em>she'erit</em>) by surviving Jerusalem's destruction will themselves become extinct through their rebellion.<br><br><st...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **To the which they have a desire to return.**—Literally, *unto which they lift up their souls to return. *The words are significant as showing that the exiles still cherished the hope of getting back to the land of their fathers. **None shall return but such as shall escape.**—The words seem at first a truism, but they imply that the escape would be difficult. The formula seems to have been ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. called thy name--**made thee. **olive--**(Psa 52:8; Ro 11:17). The "olive" is chosen to represent the adoption of Judah by the free grace of God, as its oil is the image of richness (compare Psa 23:5; 104:15). **with ... noise of ... tumult--**or, "at the noise," &amp;c., namely, at the tumult of the invading army (Is 13:4) [Maurer]. Or, rather, "with the sound of a mighty voice," namely...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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Then all the men which knew that their wives had burned incense unto other gods, and all the women that stood by, a great multitude, even all the people that dwelt in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, answered Jeremiah, saying,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>All the men which knew that their wives had burned incense unto other gods</strong> (כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁים הַיֹּדְעִים)—The verb <em>yada</em> (יָדַע, to know) indicates conscious awareness and complicity. These husbands weren't passive; they knew and permitted, making them equally culpable (cf. v.19 where wives claim male consent). The gathering includes <strong>a great multitude</strong> (קָה...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **All the men which knew that their wives had burned incense.**—The fact thus mentioned incidentally shows that the prophet’s words in Jeremiah 44:9 had not missed their mark. As of old—as, we may add, in the Rome of the Empire (Juvenal, Sat. vi. 526–534)—the women practised a *cultus *in which their husbands acquiesced, even though they did not join in it.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. that planted thee--**(Jr 2:21; Is 5:2). **against themselves--**The sinner's sin is to his own hurt (see on Jr 7:19).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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As for the word that thou hast spoken unto us in the name of the LORD, we will not hearken unto thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>We will not hearken unto thee</strong> (אֵינֶנּוּ שֹׁמְעִים אֵלֶיךָ)—The Hebrew construction is emphatic: "Not at all are we listening to you." This absolute rejection of <strong>the word that thou hast spoken...in the name of the LORD</strong> (הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּרְתָּ אֵלֵינוּ בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה) constitutes not merely disrespect for the prophet but direct rebellion against Yahweh Himself...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

18-19. Jeremiah here digresses to notice the attempt on his life plotted by his townsmen of Anathoth. He had no suspicion of it, until Jehovah revealed it to him (Jr 12:6). **the Lord ... thou--**The change of person from the third to the second accords with the excited feelings of the prophet. **then--**when I was in peril of my life. **their doings--**those of the men of Anathoth. His thus...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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But we will certainly do whatsoever thing goeth forth out of our own mouth, to burn incense unto the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto her, as we have done, we, and our fathers, our kings, and our princes, in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem: for then had we plenty of victuals, and were well, and saw no evil. queen: or, frame of heaven victuals: Heb. bread

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KJV Study Commentary

The remnant in Egypt explicitly chooses idolatry, vowing to worship 'the queen of heaven' (likely Ishtar/Astarte). Their rationale is pragmatic rather than theological - they prospered during idolatry but suffered after Josiah's reforms. This inverts cause and effect: they attribute judgment (due to idolatry) to reform, and past blessings (God's patience) to idol worship. Hardened hearts interpret...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

18-19. Jeremiah here digresses to notice the attempt on his life plotted by his townsmen of Anathoth. He had no suspicion of it, until Jehovah revealed it to him (Jr 12:6). **the Lord ... thou--**The change of person from the third to the second accords with the excited feelings of the prophet. **then--**when I was in peril of my life. **their doings--**those of the men of Anathoth. His thus...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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But since we left off to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Since we left off to burn incense to the queen of heaven</strong> (מֵאָז חָדַלְנוּ לְקַטֵּר לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם)—The people construct a false causality: they attribute the <em>sword and famine</em> (חֶרֶב וְרָעָב) not to their idolatry but to its cessation. This inverts reality through confirmation bias: they remember pre-exilic prosperity while worshiping Ishtar/Astarte (<strong>queen o...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **To burn incense to the queen of heaven.—**This form of worship, characterised specially by its offerings of crescent-shaped cakes, would seem to have been the dominant fashion of the idolatry of the time. (See Note on Jeremiah 7:18.) The men who felt themselves condemned by the prophet’s words vindicate their line of action. They had practised this worship of old, and would practise it stil...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**20. triest ... heart--**(Re 2:23). **revealed--**committed my cause. Jeremiah's wish for vengeance was not personal but ministerial, and accorded with God's purpose revealed to him against the enemies alike of God and of His servant (Psa 37:34; 54:7; 112:8; 118:7).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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And when we burned incense to the queen of heaven, and poured out drink offerings unto her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings unto her, without our men? men: or, husbands?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Did we make her cakes to worship her...without our men?</strong> (הֲבִלְעֲדֵי אֲנָשֵׁינוּ)—The Hebrew construction is defensive: "Was it apart from our men?" The women shift responsibility to male authorization, claiming they acted with husbands' knowledge (v.15 confirms this). <strong>Cakes</strong> (כַּוָּנִים, <em>kawwanim</em>) were ritual offerings stamped with the Queen of Heaven's i...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Without our men.—**Better, as in the margin, *without our husbands. *We have here, it is obvious, the very words of the women who were stung by what they looked on as Jeremiah’s intimation that the chief guilt lay on them. They disclaim any special responsibility. Their husbands had joined in the worship, or had, at least, sanctioned it.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. Prophesy not--**(Is 30:10; Am 2:12; Mi 2:6). If Jeremiah had not uttered his denunciatory predictions, they would not have plotted against him. None were more bitter than his own fellow townsmen. Compare the conduct of the Nazarites towards Jesus of Nazareth (Lu 4:24-29).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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Then Jeremiah said unto all the people, to the men, and to the women, and to all the people which had given him that answer , saying,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Jeremiah said unto all the people</strong> (וַיֹּאמֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ אֶל־כָּל־הָעָם)—The prophet addresses <strong>the men, and to the women</strong> (אֶל־הַגְּבָרִים וְאֶל־הַנָּשִׁים) equally, dismantling their attempt to divide responsibility. <strong>All the people which had given him that answer</strong> (כָּל־הָעָם הַמְשִׁיבִים אֹתוֹ) indicates this defiant response was collective, ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20-23) **Then Jeremiah said . . .**—The prophet makes an effective rejoinder to the assertion that the prosperity of past years had coincided with the idolatrous worship which he condemned. That prosperity had not been lasting, and though the long-suffering of God had borne with them, the judgments had at last come. The tenor of his argument was that which Augustine adopts in his treatise *De Civ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

22. The retribution of their intended murder shall be in kind; just as in Messiah's case (Psa 69:8-28).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 9-20** Image-making is described, to expose the folly of idolaters. Though a man had used part of a log for fuel, he fell down before an image made of the remainder, praying it to deliver him. Man greatly dishonours God, when he represents him after the image of man. Satan blinds the eyes of unbelievers, causing absurd reasonings in matters of religion. Whether men seek happiness in world...
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The incense that ye burned in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, ye, and your fathers, your kings, and your princes, and the people of the land, did not the LORD remember them, and came it not into his mind?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Did not the LORD remember them, and came it not into his mind?</strong> (הֲלוֹא אֹתָם זָכַר יְהוָה וַתַּעֲלֶה עַל־לִבּוֹ)—The verb <em>zakar</em> (זָכַר, remember) in Hebrew means more than mental recall; it means to act upon what is remembered, to reckon with. God's 'remembering' their <strong>incense</strong> (הַקְּטֹרֶת, <em>haqtoret</em>) burned <strong>in the cities of Judah, and in t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

23. (Jr 23:12). **the year of ... visitation--**The Septuagint translates, "in the year of their," &amp;c., that is, at the time when I shall visit them in wrath. Jerome supports English Version. "Year" often means a determined time.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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So that the LORD could no longer bear, because of the evil of your doings, and because of the abominations which ye have committed; therefore is your land a desolation, and an astonishment, and a curse, without an inhabitant, as at this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So that the LORD could no longer bear</strong> (וְלֹא־יוּכַל יְהוָה עוֹד לָשֵׂאת)—The verb <em>nasa</em> (נָשָׂא) means to bear, carry, or endure. Even God's longsuffering has limits; His patience, though extensive, is not infinite. The phrase evokes a weight that has become unbearable—the accumulated <strong>evil of your doings</strong> (רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם) and <strong>abominations</strong...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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Because ye have burned incense, and because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not obeyed the voice of the LORD, nor walked in his law, nor in his statutes, nor in his testimonies; therefore this evil is happened unto you, as at this day.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Because ye have burned incense</strong> (מִפְּנֵי אֲשֶׁר קִטַּרְתֶּם)—Jeremiah establishes clear causation using <em>mippene</em> (מִפְּנֵי, because of, on account of). The verdict directly contradicts the people's claim (v.18): suffering came <em>because</em> they burned incense to idols, not because they stopped. Four charges follow: (1) <strong>burned incense</strong> (idolatry), (2) <s...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 12 Jr 12:1-17. Continuation of the Subject at the Close of the Eleventh Chapter. He ventures to expostulate with Jehovah as to the prosperity of the wicked, who had plotted against his life (Jr 12:1-4); in reply he is told that he will have worse to endure, and that from his own relatives (Jr 12:5, 6). The heaviest judgments, however, would be inflicted on the faithless people (Jr 12:7-1...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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Moreover Jeremiah said unto all the people, and to all the women, Hear the word of the LORD, all Judah that are in the land of Egypt:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Moreover Jeremiah said unto all the people, and to all the women</strong>—The prophet specifically addresses <em>hannashim</em> (הַנָּשִׁים, the women) because they were primary practitioners of Queen of Heaven worship (v. 15-19). This prophetic confrontation marks the final recorded sermon of Jeremiah's ministry, delivered to covenant-breakers who fled to Egypt despite divine prohibition ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24-28) **Hear the word of the Lord . . .**—The appeal to the experience of the past is followed by a prediction of the future, addressed to the wives as well as to the husbands. The new sin would lead to a new punishment. A tone of irony is perceptible in the words, “Ye will surely accomplish your vows.” That, at all events, was a promise they were likely to keep, however faithless they might hav...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. grow--**literally, "go on," "progress." Thou givest them sure dwellings and increasing prosperity. **near in ... mouth ... far from ... reins--**(Is 29:13; Mt 15:8). Hypocrites.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying; Ye and your wives have both spoken with your mouths, and fulfilled with your hand, saying, We will surely perform our vows that we have vowed, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto her: ye will surely accomplish your vows, and surely perform your vows.

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KJV Study Commentary

God says sarcastically 'ye will surely accomplish your vows' to worship the queen of heaven. If they're determined to sin, God will not prevent it - He gives them over to their desires (Rom 1:24-28). This is judicial hardening where God removes restraining grace, allowing sin's natural consequences. 'Accomplish ye vows' is bitter permission, not approval.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. knowest me--**(Psa 139:1). **tried ... heart--**(Jr 11:20). **toward thee--**rather, "with Thee," that is, entirely devoted to Thee; contrasted with the hypocrites (Jr 12:2), "near in ... mouth, and far from ... reins." This being so, how is it that I fare so ill, they so well? **pull ... out--**containing the metaphor, from a "rooted tree" (Jr 12:2). **prepare--**literally, "separate...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD, all Judah that dwell in the land of Egypt; Behold, I have sworn by my great name, saith the LORD, that my name shall no more be named in the mouth of any man of Judah in all the land of Egypt, saying, The Lord GOD liveth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I have sworn by my great name</strong> (נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי בִשְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל)—God invokes His own name as witness, the highest possible oath since nothing greater exists (Hebrews 6:13). The <em>shem gadol</em> (great name) represents His essential character and reputation—the very name the exiles profaned through idolatry.<br><br><strong>My name shall no more be named in the mouth of any man ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. land mourn--**personification (Jr 14:2; 23:10). **for the wickedness--**(Psa 107:34). **beasts--**(Ho 4:3). **He shall not see our last end--**Jehovah knows not what is about to happen to us (Jr 5:12) [Rosenmuller]. So the Septuagint. (Psa 10:11; Eze 8:12; 9:9). Rather, "The prophet (Jeremiah, to whom the whole context refers) shall not see our last end." We need not trouble ourselves a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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Behold, I will watch over them for evil, and not for good: and all the men of Judah that are in the land of Egypt shall be consumed by the sword and by the famine, until there be an end of them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I will watch over them for evil, and not for good</strong> (שֹׁקֵד אֲנִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְרָעָה וְלֹא לְטוֹבָה)—The verb <em>shoqed</em> (שֹׁקֵד) means 'watching vigilantly,' used of God's watchful care for Israel (Jeremiah 1:12, 31:28). Here the divine watchfulness inverts from blessing to curse—God actively superintends their destruction. Compare Amos 9:4: 'I will set mine eyes upon them for e...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

5. Jehovah's reply to Jeremiah's complaint. **horses--**that is, horsemen: the argument a fortiori. A proverbial phrase. The injuries done thee by the men of Anathoth ("the footmen") are small compared with those which the men of Jerusalem ("the horsemen") are about to inflict on thee. If the former weary thee out, how wilt thou contend with the king, the court, and the priests at Jerusalem? *...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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Yet a small number that escape the sword shall return out of the land of Egypt into the land of Judah, and all the remnant of Judah, that are gone into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall know whose words shall stand, mine, or theirs. mine: Heb. from me, or, from them

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KJV Study Commentary

God declares that only a small number of refugees will return from Egypt to Judah, serving as witnesses that His word, not theirs, stands true. This is similar to Elijah's remnant (1 Kings 19:18) - God always preserves witnesses to His truth. The phrase 'whose words shall stand, mine, or theirs' presents history as the test of prophecy. Time vindicates God's word.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. even thy brethren--**as in Christ's case (Psa 69:8; Joh 1:11; 7:5; compare Jr 9:4; 11:19, 21; Mt 10:36). Godly faithfulness is sure to provoke the ungodly, even of one's own family. **called a multitude after thee--**(Is 31:4). Jerome translates, "cry after thee with a loud (literally, 'full') voice." **believe ... not ... though ... speak fair--**(Pr 26:25).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 21-28** Return unto me. It is the great concern of those who have backslidden from God, like the Jews of old, to hasten their return to him. The work of redemption wrought for us by Christ, encourages to hope for all blessings from him. Our transgressions and our sins are as a thick cloud between heaven and earth: sins separate between us and God; they threaten a storm of wrath. When God ...
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And this shall be a sign unto you, saith the LORD, that I will punish you in this place, that ye may know that my words shall surely stand against you for evil:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And this shall be a sign unto you, saith the LORD</strong> (וְזֹאת־לָכֶם הָאוֹת נְאֻם־יְהוָה)—an authenticating <em>ot</em> (אוֹת, sign), proving God's threatened judgment will certainly occur. Biblical 'signs' confirm prophetic authority (Deuteronomy 18:21-22, 1 Samuel 2:34, Isaiah 7:14, 37:30). Here God graciously provides evidence before the fact, eliminating later claims that disaster ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. I have forsaken--**Jehovah will forsake His temple and the people peculiarly His. The mention of God's close tie to them, as heretofore His, aggravates their ingratitude, and shows that their past spiritual privileges will not prevent God from punishing them. **beloved of my soul--**image from a wife (Jr 11:15; Is 54:5).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaohhophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and that sought his life.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaoh-hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies</strong> (הִנְנִי נֹתֵן אֶת־פַּרְעֹה חָפְרַע מֶלֶך־מִצְרַיִם בְּיַד אֹיְבָיו)—specific, falsifiable prophecy. <em>Hophra</em> (Pharaoh Apries, 589-570 BC) encouraged Judah's rebellion against Babylon and briefly lifted Jerusalem's siege (37:5-11), making him the remnant's hoped-for protector....
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Behold, I will give Pharaoh-hophra . . .**—The fate of the Egyptian king is announced, coming, as it did, before that of the fugitives, as a “sign” that the prediction of their doom also would in due course be accomplished. The king thus named—the Apries of Herod. II., 161, 163, 169—was the son of Psammis, and reigned for twenty-five years. He attacked Sidon by land and Tyre by sea, presuma...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. is unto me--**is become unto Me: behaves towards Me as a lion which roars against a man, so that he withdraws from the place where he hears it: so I withdrew from My people, once beloved, but now an object of abhorrence because of their rebellious cries against Me.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 44 Here are promises of the influences of the Holy Spirit. (Is. 44:1-8) An exposure of the folly of idolatry. (Is. 44:9-20) Also the deliverance of God's people. (Is. 44:21-28) **Verses 1-8** Israel is here called Jeshurun, which means "the upright one." Such only are Israelites indeed, in whom is no guile. Those that serve God he will own. He will help them over difficulties, and in...
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