King James Version

What Does Jeremiah 44:5 Mean?

Jeremiah 44:5 in the King James Version says “But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear to turn from their wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods. — study this verse from Jeremiah chapter 44 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear to turn from their wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods.

Jeremiah 44:5 · KJV


Context

3

Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers.

4

Howbeit I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.

5

But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear to turn from their wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods.

6

Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as at this day.

7

Therefore now thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; Wherefore commit ye this great evil against your souls, to cut off from you man and woman, child and suckling, out of Judah, to leave you none to remain; out: Heb. out of the midst of Judah


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear—the adversative wəlōʾ šāməʿû (but they did not hear/obey) creates sharp contrast with God's eager sending. Inclined their ear (wəlōʾ-hiṭṭû ʾoznām) uses the Hiphil of nāṭâ, meaning 'to stretch toward, lean in'—they refused even the posture of listening. This combines two levels of refusal: šāmaʿ (hear/obey) addresses both reception and compliance, while nāṭâ ʾōzen (incline ear) depicts attentive readiness. Their rebellion was comprehensive—no reception, no attention, no obedience.

To turn from their wickedness (lāšûb mērāʿātām) uses the crucial repentance vocabulary šûb (turn, return). The purpose infinitive shows that prophetic warning aimed at repentance, not mere information. To burn no incense unto other gods (ləbiltî qaṭṭēr lēʾlōhîm ʾăḥērîm)—the negative infinitive construct shows the specific behavioral change required. They were called to cessation, not mere reduction, of idolatrous worship. Their refusal demonstrated that covenant privilege without covenant obedience guarantees covenant judgment.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This verse summarizes decades of prophetic ministry. From Josiah's reforms (622 BC) through the final fall (586 BC), prophets repeatedly called for repentance. The people's consistent refusal, despite Josiah's reforms and Babylonian invasions (605, 597, 586 BC), demonstrated hardened rebellion. Even witnessing Jerusalem's destruction didn't produce repentance—the refugees in Egypt continued their idolatry (Jeremiah 44:15-19).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean to 'incline your ear' to God's word versus merely hearing it?
  2. How can repeated exposure to biblical truth coexist with unchanged behavior?
  3. What forms of 'not hearkening' might characterize your own spiritual life?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְלֹ֤א1 of 12
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שָֽׁמְעוּ֙2 of 12

But they hearkened

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

וְלֹא3 of 12
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הִטּ֣וּ4 of 12

not nor inclined

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

אֶת5 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אָזְנָ֔ם6 of 12

their ear

H241

broadness. i.e., (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)

לָשׁ֖וּב7 of 12

to turn

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

מֵרָֽעָתָ֑ם8 of 12

from their wickedness

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

לְבִלְתִּ֥י9 of 12
H1115

properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n

קַטֵּ֖ר10 of 12

to burn no incense

H6999

to smoke, i.e., turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)

לֵאלֹהִ֥ים11 of 12

gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֲחֵרִֽים׃12 of 12

unto other

H312

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jeremiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jeremiah 44:5 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jeremiah 44:5 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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