About Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes examines life's meaning "under the sun," concluding that true purpose is found only in fearing God.

Author: SolomonWritten: c. 940-930 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 26
MeaninglessnessWisdomEnjoymentDeathFear of GodPurpose

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King James Version

Ecclesiastes 2

26 verses with commentary

The Futility of Pleasure and Possessions

I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure: and, behold, this also is vanity.

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KJV Study Commentary

Solomon begins his experimental investigation into pleasure with deliberate intent: 'I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure.' The Hebrew 'anasekah' (אֲנַסְּכָה, I will prove/test) indicates systematic experimentation—not reckless indulgence but controlled investigation to determine whether pleasure provides lasting meaning. The phrase 'said in mine ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **In mine heart.—**To mine heart (Luke 12:19; Psalm 42:11). **Go to now.—**Numbers 22:6; Judges 19:11. **Enjoy.—**Heb., *see.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

18. Both vices must one day be known and punished, and hence their folly.

I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I said of laughter, It is mad</strong>—the Hebrew <em>eholal</em> (מְהוֹלָל, mad/insane) expresses Solomon's verdict after experimentally pursuing pleasure (2:1). Laughter here represents frivolous entertainment and sensory indulgence, not joy. The parallel question about <strong>mirth</strong> (<em>simchah</em>, שִׂמְחָה)—<strong>What doeth it?</strong>—asks about productivity: what does ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

-2Proverbs 14:13. **Mad.—**Psalm 102:9.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

19. Much speech involves risk of sin; hence the wisdom of restraining the tongue (Psa 39:1; Jas 1:26).

I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine, yet acquainting mine heart with wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was that good for the sons of men, which they should do under the heaven all the days of their life. to give: Heb. to draw my flesh with wine all: Heb. the number of the days of their life

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine</strong>—Solomon describes a controlled experiment in hedonism with methodological rigor. He didn't become a drunkard but carefully explored whether wine (representing sensual pleasure) could provide meaning while simultaneously <strong>acquainting mine heart with wisdom</strong>—maintaining intellectual sobriety. The phrase <strong>to lay ho...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Sought.—**The word translated “search out” (Ecclesiastes 1:13). “Draw,” margin. There is no Biblical parallel for the use of the word in this sense. The general meaning is plain. **Acquainting.**—Rather, *guiding. *The word is used of the driver of an animal or the shepherd of a flock (2Samuel 6:3; Psalm 80:1; Isaiah 63:4). Kohéleth contemplated not an unrestrained enjoyment of pleasure, but...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

20. Right speech is the fruit of a good heart, but the wicked show theirs to be useless.

I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards</strong>—the triple emphasis on 'me/myself' (<em>li</em>, לִי) reveals the heart of Solomon's experiment: self-aggrandizement through accomplishment. The Hebrew <em>higdalti</em> (הִגְדַּלְתִּי, I made great) indicates ambitious projects on massive scale. Archaeological evidence confirms Solomon's extensive building program...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **Houses.**—1Kings 5:11; 2Chronicles 8:4. **Vineyards.**—1Chronicles 27:27; Song of Solomon 8:11.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

21. Fools not only fail to benefit others, as do the righteous, but procure their own ruin (compare Pr 10:11, 17; Ho 4:6).

I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kind of fruits:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kind of fruits</strong>—the Hebrew 'gannim' (גַּנִּים, gardens) and 'pardesim' (פַּרְדֵּסִים, orchards/parks) describe elaborate landscaping projects. The word 'pardes' (singular: paradise) is a Persian loanword denoting royal pleasure gardens, appearing only here, Nehemiah 2:8, and Song of Solomon 4:13. Solomon's horticult...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Orchards.**—Rather, *parks. *The word, which occurs also in Song of Solomon 4:3, Nehemiah 2:8, is originally Persian, and passed into the Greek and into modern languages in the form of “paradise” (Luke 23:43; 2Corinthians 12:4; and in LXX., Genesis 2:10; Genesis 13:10; Numbers 24:6; Isaiah 1:30; Ecclesiasticus 24:30; Susan. 5:4). Parks and trees giving, not only fruit, but shade from the hot...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22. it maketh, &amp;c.--**"it" is emphatic. Riches from God are without the sorrow of ill-gotten wealth (compare Ec 2:21-23; 1Ti 6:9, 10, 17).

I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees</strong>—the Hebrew 'berechot mayim' (בְּרֵכוֹת מָיִם, pools of water) describes artificial reservoirs or cisterns. Ancient engineering expertise was required to construct water management systems supporting large-scale agriculture and ornamental gardens. The phrase 'wood that bringeth forth trees' (ya'ar tsome...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Pools.**—In a place south of Bethlehem are still pointed out three gigantic reservoirs, known as the Pools of Solomon (Stanley’s *Jewish Church, *2:197). The place is probably the same as that called Etham by Josephus in his description of Solomon’s luxury (*Ant. viii.* 7. 3). Josephus speaks of another Pool of Solomon (*Bell. Jud. *v. 4. 2). Tanks are necessary for irrigation in a land wher...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

23. Sin is the pleasure of the wicked; wisdom that of the good.

I got me servants and maidens, and had servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of great and small cattle above all that were in Jerusalem before me: servants born: Heb. sons of my house

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I got me servants and maidens, and had servants born in my house</strong>—the Hebrew 'avadim' (עֲבָדִים, servants) and 'shefachot' (שְׁפָחוֹת, maidens) describe a large household staff. The phrase 'servants born in my house' (bene bayit, בְּנֵי־בָיִת, literally 'sons of the house') refers to slaves born into household servitude, indicating multi-generational employment. This represented si...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **Got me**.—The servants acquired by purchase are distinguished from those born in the house. (Concerning the number of Solomon’s servants, see 1Kings 4:27; 1Kings 10:5; and of his cattle, 1Kings 4:23, 1Kings 8:63.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. it--**the very thing. The wicked get dreaded evil; the righteous, desired good.

I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat me men singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons of men, as musical instruments , and that of all sorts. musical: Heb. musical instrument and instruments

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces</strong>—the Hebrew 'segullah' (סְגֻלָּה, peculiar treasure) denotes special, prized possessions reserved for royalty. First Kings 10:14-22 records that Solomon's annual gold income reached 666 talents (approximately 25 tons), with additional silver so abundant it was considered common. Internationa...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Peculiar treasure.—**The word is used of the Jewish people (Exodus 19:9; Psalm 135:4; Malachi 3:17; but generally 1Chronicles 29:3). That Solomon had tributary kings is stated (1Kings 4:21; 2Chronicles 9:24; Psalm 72:10; Ezra 4:20). The word used for “provinces” here and in Ecclesiastes 5:8, occurs in reference to the provinces of the Persian Empire repeatedly in the Book of Esther; Ezra 2:1...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

25. (Compare Psa 1:4; 37:9, 10, 36). **righteous ... foundation--**well laid and firm (Mt 7:24, 25).

So I was great, and increased more than all that were before me in Jerusalem: also my wisdom remained with me.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So I was great, and increased more than all that were before me in Jerusalem</strong>—the Hebrew 'gadal' (גָּדַל, was great) and 'yasaf' (יָסַף, increased) emphasize progressive expansion of wealth, power, and influence. Surpassing all predecessors meant exceeding even King David's considerable achievements. First Kings 4:29-34 describes Solomon's incomparable wisdom, while 1 Kings 10:23 d...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9-11) Kohéleth carried out his plan of tempering his enjoyment with discretion, but while he took his fill of the pleasure that fell to his lot, he found in it no abiding profit. He goes on in the following paragraph to complain that the wisdom and other advantages he possessed in his search for happiness render his failure the more disheartening.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

26. that is, causes vexation.

And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them, I withheld not my heart from any joy; for my heart rejoiced in all my labour: and this was my portion of all my labour.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them</strong>—the Hebrew 'sha'al' (שָׁאַל, desired/asked) suggests eyes making requests that Solomon granted unconditionally. He denied himself nothing visually appealing or aesthetically pleasing. <strong>I withheld not my heart from any joy</strong>—complete indulgence in every form of pleasure. The phrase 'simchah' (שִׂמְחָה, joy) encompa...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

27. (Compare Pr 9:11; Psa 55:23).

Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to do: and, behold, all was vanity and vexation of spirit, and there was no profit under the sun.

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KJV Study Commentary

This climactic verse concludes Solomon's grand experiment with pleasure, accomplishment, and acquisition (2:1-10). After denying himself nothing and achieving unprecedented success, he 'looked on all the works that my hands had wrought'—a comprehensive retrospective assessment. The threefold verdict is devastating: 'vanity,' 'vexation of spirit,' and 'no profit under the sun.' The Hebrew 'yitron' ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28. gladness--**in confidence of realizing it. **expectation ... perish--**in disappointment.

The Futility of Wisdom

And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness, and folly: for what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that which hath been already done. even: or, in those things which have been already done

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness, and folly</strong>—after exhausting pleasure's possibilities, Solomon investigates wisdom itself. The Hebrew 'panah' (פָּנָה, turned) suggests deliberate reorientation of focus. He examines wisdom comparatively, studying it alongside its opposites: 'madness' (holelot, הוֹלֵלוֹת) and 'folly' (sikhlu, סִכְלוּת). True understanding requires k...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) This verse presents some difficulties of translation which need not be discussed here. The Authorised Version gives the following very good sense: If the king has failed in his experiment, what likelihood is there that a private person should be more successful? Yet bearing in mind that in Ecclesiastes 5:18 the “man that cometh after the king” means his successor, and also that the theme of t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29. The way, &amp;c.--**that is, God's providence sustains the righteous and overthrows the wicked (Ho 14:9).

Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness. that: Heb. that there is an excellency in wisdom more than in folly, etc

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness</strong>—the Hebrew 'yitron' (יִתְרוֹן, excelleth/profit/advantage) is Ecclesiastes' key term for comparative advantage. The verb 'ra'ah' (רָאָה, saw) indicates empirical observation. Solomon isn't theorizing abstractly but reporting discovered truth. The simile comparing wisdom to light and folly to darkness echoes...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) Wisdom surely has an advantage over folly, yet how full of “vanity” is that advantage. Let the wise man have done his best, soon death comes; the wise man is forgotten, and all he has gained by his labour passes, without labour, into the hands of one who may be no inheritor of his wisdom. **Excelleth.**—There is profit in wisdom more than in folly. The same word “profit*” *is used as in Eccle...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

30. (Compare Pr 12:3; Psa 37:9-11; 102:28). **earth--**or, "land of promise."

The wise man's eyes are in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness: and I myself perceived also that one event happeneth to them all.

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KJV Study Commentary

Solomon compares the fate of the wise and foolish: 'The wise man's eyes are in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness.' The phrase 'eyes are in his head' means the wise person sees reality clearly, exercises discernment, and navigates life with understanding. In contrast, the fool 'walketh in darkness'—stumbling through life without perception, ignoring consequences, and making destructive cho...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Event.—**Translated “hap,” or “chance” (Ruth 2:13; 1Samuel 6:9; 1Samuel 20:26).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31. bringeth forth--**literally, "germinates" as a plant. **froward--**(Compare Pr 2:12, 14). **cut off--**as an unproductive plant.

Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it happeneth even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then I said in my heart, that this also is vanity. happeneth even: Heb. happeneth to me, even to me

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it happeneth even to me</strong>—the Hebrew 'miqreh' (מִקְרֶה, happeneth/fate) refers to what befalls or occurs to someone, here specifically death. Despite wisdom's real advantages (2:13), both wise and foolish face identical mortality. The Preacher's internal dialogue ('said I in my heart') reflects honest wrestling with this distu...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**32. know--**regard and provide for (Psa 1:6). **frowardness--**all kinds of deceit and ill-nature. The word is plural.

For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of the fool for ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all be forgotten. And how dieth the wise man? as the fool.

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KJV Study Commentary

The Preacher laments a tragic reality: 'For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of the fool for ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all be forgotten. And how dieth the wise man? as the fool.' Death is the great equalizer—it erases the distinctions wisdom creates. Both wise and foolish die; both are eventually forgotten. The Hebrew 'zecher' (זֵכֶר, remembrance) indica...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) It might be urged on behalf of the Solomonic authorship that Solomon himself might imagine that in the days to come he and his wisdom would be forgotten, but that such a thought does not become a long subsequent writer who had been induced by Solomon’s reputation for wisdom to make him the hero of his work. It would seem to follow that the writer is here only giving the history of Solomon’s r...
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Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

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KJV Study Commentary

Solomon confesses emotional crisis: 'Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.' The Hebrew 'sane' (שָׂנֵא, hated) expresses strong aversion—not suicidal ideation but deep dissatisfaction with life 'under the sun' (apart from God's perspective). The 'work wrought under the sun' proven 'grievous' (ra, רַע, ev...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Is grievous.—**Rather, *was.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 11 Pr 11:1-31. 1. (Compare Margin). The Hebrews used stones for weights. **just--**complete in measure.

The Futility of Labor

Yea, I hated all my labour which I had taken under the sun: because I should leave it unto the man that shall be after me. taken: Heb. laboured

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Yea, I hated all my labour which I had taken under the sun</strong>—the strong Hebrew verb 'sane'' (שָׂנֵא, hated) expresses intense negative emotion, stronger than mere dislike. After comprehensive experimentation (2:4-10), Solomon reaches the bitter conclusion that even his impressive achievements produced not satisfaction but resentment. The reason: <strong>because I should leave it unt...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) Eccles. 9:19. There seems to be no special reference to Rehoboam, but only the assertion of the general principle that the wisest of men must leave all that his labour has gained to be enjoyed by another who may be destitute of wisdom. The thought is not so much that it is a hardship for the wise man to leave what he has gained, as that it is that he should have no advantage over the fool who...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

2. Self-conceit is unteachable; the humble grow wise (compare Pr 16:18; 18:12).

And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool? yet shall he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and wherein I have shewed myself wise under the sun. This is also vanity.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool?</strong> Solomon confronts the ultimate futility of earthly labor: he cannot control whether his successor will be wise or foolish, yet this unknown heir <strong>shall have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured</strong> (יִשְׁלַט בְּכָל־עֲמָלִי, yishlat b'chol-amali). The verb 'shalat' (שָׁלַט) means to have dominion or ex...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Have rule.**—The word occurs again in Ecclesiastes 6:2; Ecclesiastes 8:9; elsewhere only in Nehemiah and Esther. and in Psalm 119:133.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. guide--**to lead, as a shepherd (Pr 6:7; Psa 78:52). **perverseness--**ill-nature. **destroy--**with violence.

Therefore I went about to cause my heart to despair of all the labour which I took under the sun.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Therefore I went about to cause my heart to despair</strong> (וְסַבּוֹתִי אֲנִי לְיַאֵשׁ אֶת־לִבִּי, v'saboti ani l'ya'esh et-libi)—the Hebrew verb 'ya'ash' (יָאַשׁ) means to despair, lose hope, or give up. This isn't passive melancholy but active, deliberate despair—Solomon intentionally let his heart confront the futility he'd been avoiding. The phrase 'went about' (saboti) suggests a tu...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Went about.—**Ecclesiastes 7:25; Ecclesiastes 9:14; Ecclesiastes 12:5.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

4. (Compare Pr 10:2). **wrath--**that is, of God.

For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and in equity; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil. leave: Heb. give

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and in equity</strong> (בְחָכְמָה וּבְדַעַת וּבְכִשְׁרוֹן, b'chochma uv'da'at uv'kishron)—the threefold description emphasizes comprehensive excellence. 'Chochma' (חָכְמָה) is wisdom, 'da'at' (דַעַת) is knowledge, and 'kishron' (כִּשְׁרוֹן) means skill or equity. This worker did everything right—applied wisdom, accumulated kno...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **Equity.**—Rather, *skill, success *(Ecclesiastes 4:4; Ecclesiastes 5:7). The noun is peculiar to this book. The corresponding verb occurs in Ecclesiastes 10:10; Ecclesiastes 11:6; Esther 8:5.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. direct--**or, "make plain"; wicked ways are not plain (Pr 13:17).

For what hath man of all his labour, and of the vexation of his heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For what hath man of all his labour, and of the vexation of his heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun?</strong> This rhetorical question expects the answer: nothing lasting. The phrase <strong>vexation of his heart</strong> translates 'ra'yon libo' (רַעְיוֹן לִבּוֹ)—the mental anguish, anxiety, and striving that accompanies labor. It's not merely physical toil but the psychological...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. deliver them--**that is, from evil, which the wicked suffer by their own doings (Pr 5:22; Psa 9:16).

For all his days are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, his heart taketh not rest in the night. This is also vanity.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For all his days are sorrows, and his travail grief</strong> (כָּל־יָמָיו מַכְאֹבִים וָכַעַס עִנְיָנוֹ, kol-yamav mach'ovim vacha'as inyanо)—the Hebrew 'mach'ovim' (מַכְאֹבִים) means pain or sorrows, while 'ka'as' (כַעַס) indicates vexation or grief. Labor pursued as ultimate meaning produces not satisfaction but chronic suffering. The verse continues with a striking observation: <strong>h...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) The fact that the wise man must surrender his acquisitions exhibits the inutility of the painful toil by which he has gained them.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. expectation ... perish--**for death cuts short all his plans (Lu 16:25). **hope of unjust--**better, "hope of wealth," or "power" (compare Is 40:29, Hebrew). This gives an advance on the sentiment of the first clause. Even hopes of gain die with him.

There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour. This also I saw, that it was from the hand of God. should make: or, delight his senses

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KJV Study Commentary

After documenting life's frustrations and limitations, Solomon offers his first positive recommendation: 'There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour.' This isn't hedonistic escapism but theological realism. The phrase 'nothing better' (ayin tov, אֵין־טוֹב) suggests this is the optimal response to life under the su...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **Nothing better.**—“Not good” is the sense of the Hebrew as it stands, for it will be observed that the word “than” is in italics. But as this word might easily have dropped out by a transcriber’s error, interpreters, taking in connection Ecclesiastes 3:12; Ecclesiastes 3:22; Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 8:15, generally agree to modify the text so as to give it the meaning of our version,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

8. Perhaps the trouble prepared by the wicked, and which he inherits (compare Pr 11:6).

For who can eat, or who else can hasten hereunto, more than I?

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KJV Study Commentary

The Preacher adds, 'For who can eat, or who else can hasten hereunto, more than I?' This verse emphasizes that enjoyment of life's provisions comes from God, not human effort. The Hebrew 'chush' (חוּשׁ, hasten/enjoy) suggests eagerness or ability to experience pleasure. Solomon, with unlimited resources, testifies that capacity for enjoyment is God's gift—wealth doesn't guarantee satisfaction. Thi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Hasten.—**Habakkuk 1:8. **More than I.**—There is a various rendering, which has the authority of the LXX., and which has every appearance of being right: “without Him.”

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

9. (Compare Psa 35:16; Da 11:32). The just is saved by superior discernment.

For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God. This also is vanity and vexation of spirit. in his: Heb. before him

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KJV Study Commentary

The Preacher reveals divine sovereignty in distribution of life's goods: 'For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God.' The Hebrew 'tov lephanav' (טוֹב לְפָנָיו, good in His sight) indicates those who please God, not those achieving self-righteousness...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) On the doctrine that the wicked amass wealth for the righteous, see marginal references. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission. Bible Hub

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

10-11. The last may be a reason for the first. Together, they set forth the relative moral worth of good and bad men.

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