King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 2:17 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 2:17 in the King James Version says “Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexati... — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Ecclesiastes 2:17 · KJV


Context

15

Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it happeneth even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then I said in my heart, that this also is vanity. happeneth even: Heb. happeneth to me, even to me

16

For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of the fool for ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all be forgotten. And how dieth the wise man? as the fool.

17

Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

18

Yea, I hated all my labour which I had taken under the sun: because I should leave it unto the man that shall be after me. taken: Heb. laboured

19

And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool? yet shall he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and wherein I have shewed myself wise under the sun. This is also vanity.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Solomon confesses emotional crisis: 'Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.' The Hebrew 'sane' (שָׂנֵא, hated) expresses strong aversion—not suicidal ideation but deep dissatisfaction with life 'under the sun' (apart from God's perspective). The 'work wrought under the sun' proven 'grievous' (ra, רַע, evil/burdensome). This verse captures the despair that results from seeking ultimate meaning in temporal achievements. Solomon's comprehensive investigation (chapters 1-2) yielded only frustration—'vanity and vexation of spirit.' Yet this dark moment prepares for the solution: finding meaning through fearing God and receiving His gifts with gratitude (2:24-26). The verse validates honest struggle with meaninglessness while pointing toward resolution in God.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Solomon's 'hatred of life' echoes Job's lament (Job 3:1-3; 10:1) and anticipates prophetic despair (Jeremiah 20:14-18). Scripture honestly acknowledges the spiritual anguish that accompanies wrestling with life's meaning. Ancient Near Eastern literature like the Babylonian 'Dialogue of Pessimism' similarly expressed despair, but without Ecclesiastes' resolution in fearing God. The phrase 'under the sun' is key: when life is evaluated without eternal perspective, despair follows logically. Early church fathers used this to demonstrate humanity's need for divine revelation—reason alone leads to despair. Pascal later articulated this: humans are wretched without God, yet capable of recognizing their wretchedness, pointing toward the solution. The Reformers emphasized that conviction of sin's vanity precedes conversion—recognizing that earthly pursuits cannot satisfy drives souls to Christ.

Reflection Questions

  1. Have you experienced seasons of 'hating life'—finding even legitimate accomplishments ultimately unsatisfying—and how did this drive you toward God?
  2. How does honest acknowledgment of life's vanity 'under the sun' serve as preparation for finding meaning in God's purposes?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְשָׂנֵ֙אתִי֙1 of 15

Therefore I hated

H8130

to hate (personally)

אֶת2 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים3 of 15

life

H2416

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

כִּ֣י4 of 15
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

רַ֤ע5 of 15

is grievous

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

עָלַי֙6 of 15
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה7 of 15

because the work

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂ֖ה8 of 15

that is wrought

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

תַּ֣חַת9 of 15
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ10 of 15

under the sun

H8121

the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement

כִּֽי11 of 15
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

הַכֹּ֥ל12 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הֶ֖בֶל13 of 15

unto me for all is vanity

H1892

emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb

וּרְע֥וּת14 of 15

and vexation

H7469

a feeding upon, i.e., grasping after

רֽוּחַ׃15 of 15

of spirit

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 2:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 2:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study