About 1 Kings

1 Kings records Solomon's glorious reign and the tragic division of the kingdom, along with the ministry of Elijah.

Author: Jeremiah (traditionally)Written: c. 560-540 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 33
WisdomTempleDivisionApostasyProphetsJudgment

King James Version

1 Kings 12

33 verses with commentary

Israel Rebels Against Rehoboam

And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological m...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **All Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.**—In the case of David, we find that, when he was made king over Israel, “he made a league” with the elders of Israel (2Samuel 5:3), apparently implying a less absolute royalty than that to which he had been anointed, without conditions, over the house of Judah (2Samuel 2:4); and in his restoration after the death of Absalom, there appears to...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was yet in Egypt, heard of it, (for he was fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;)

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was yet in Egypt, heard of it, (for he was fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;)</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nua...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **For he was fled.**—In 2Chronicles 10:2, and in the LXX. version (or, rather versions, for there is variety of reading) of this passage, Jeroboam is made to return from Egypt, on hearing of the death of Solomon, to his own city, and to be “sent for” thence. This is obviously far more probable, and might be read in the Hebrew by a slight alteration of the text.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 4 1Ki 4:1-6. Solomon's Princes. **1. So King Solomon was king over all Israel--**This chapter contains a general description of the state and glory of the Hebrew kingdom during the more flourishing or later years of his reign.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

That they sent and called him. And Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spake unto Rehoboam, saying,

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>That they sent and called him. And Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spake unto Rehoboam, saying,</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's cont...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. these were the princes--**or chief officers, as is evident from two of them marrying Solomon's daughters. **Azariah the son of Zadok the priest--**rather, "the prince," as the Hebrew word frequently signifies (Ge 41:45; Ex 2:16; 2Sa 8:18); so that from the precedency given to his person in the list, he seems to have been prime minister, the highest in office next the king.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuan...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **We** **will serve thee.**—It seems evident from the tone of the narrative, and especially from the absence of all resentment on the part of the king on the presentation of these conditions, that they were acting within their right; and whatever Jeroboam’s designs may have been, there is no sign of any general predetermination of rebellion. The imposition of the burdens of heavy taxation and ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. scribes--**that is, secretaries of state. Under David, there had been only one [2Sa 8:17; 20:25]. The employment of three functionaries in this department indicates either improved regulations by the division of labor, or a great increase of business, occasioned by the growing prosperity of the kingdom, or a more extensive correspondence with foreign countries. **recorder--**that is, histor...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And he said unto them, Depart yet for three days, then come again to me. And the people departed.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto them, Depart yet for three days, then come again to me. And the people departed.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings'...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. Benaiah ... was over the host--**formerly captain of the guard. He had succeeded Joab as commander of the forces. **Zadok and Abiathar were the priests--**Only the first discharged the sacred functions; the latter had been banished to his country seat and retained nothing more than the name of high priest.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people?

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people?</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances impo...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. over the officers--**that is, the provincial governors enumerated in 1Ki 4:17-19. **principal officer, and the king's friend--**perhaps president of the privy council, and Solomon's confidential friend or favorite. This high functionary had probably been reared along with Solomon. That he should heap those honors on the sons of Nathan was most natural, considering the close intimacy of the ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And they spake unto him, saying, If thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And they spake unto him, saying, If thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>Th...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **If thou wilt** **be a servant.**—Both the policies suggested show how corrupt and cynical the government of Israel had become. For the advice of the old counsellors has no largeness of policy or depth of wisdom. It is simply the characteristic advice of experienced and crafty politicians—who had seen the gradual development of despotic power, and had still remembrance of the comparative free...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. Ahishar was over the household--**steward or chamberlain of the palace. **Adoniram--**or Adoram (2Sa 20:24; 1Ki 12:18), or Hadoram (2Ch 10:18), **was over the tribute--**not the collection of money or goods, but the levy of compulsory laborers (compare 1Ki 5:13, 14). 1Ki 4:7-21. His Twelve Officers.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, and which stood before him:

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, and which stood before him:</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances import...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel--**The royal revenues were raised according to the ancient, and still, in many parts, existing usage of the East, not in money payments, but in the produce of the soil. There would be always a considerable difficulty in the collection and transmission of these tithes (1Sa 8:15). Therefore, to facilitate the work, Solomon appointed twelve officers, w...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter?

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter?</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances im...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. The son of Hur--**or, as the Margin has it, Benhur, Bendekar. In the rural parts of Syria, and among the Arabs, it is still common to designate persons not by their own names, but as the sons of their fathers.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and j...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Thus shalt thou speak.**—The advice of the young men—the spoilt children of a magnificent and luxurious despotism, of which alone they had experience—is the language of the arrogant self-confidence, which mistakes obstinacy for vigour, and, blind to all signs of the times, supposes that what once was possible, and perhaps good for the national progress, must last for ever. It is couched in ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances i...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **The scorpion **is probably (like the Roman *fiagellum*) a whip, the lash of which is loaded with weights and sharp points.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again the third day.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again the third day.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this pa...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men's counsel that they gave him; roughly: Heb. hardly

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men's counsel that they gave him;</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' t...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **For the cause was from the Lord.**—The very idea of the Scriptural history, referring all things to God, necessarily brings us continually face to face with the great mystery of life—the reconcilement of God’s all-foreseeing and all-ordaining Providence with the freedom, and, in consequence, with the folly and sin of man. As a rule, Holy Scripture—on this point confirming natural reason—sim...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 12 Chapter Outline Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer.(1-15) Ten tribes revolt.(16-24) Jeroboam's idolatry.(25-33) **Verses 1-15** The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ea...
Read full commentary →

So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within t...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **To your tents.**—This war-cry was not new. It had been heard once before, during the conflict between Judah and Israel after the rebellion of Absalom, when it was silenced instantly by the relentless promptitude of Joab (2Samuel 20:1). Only the last ironical line is added, “See to thine own house, David” (which the LXX. explains as “Feed, as a shepherd, thine own house, David”). There is pe...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings'...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **The children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah.**—The expression is doubly significant. (*a*) Historically the tribe of Judah had its semi-dependent tribes—Simeon, already absorbed into Judah; Dan, in great part transferred to the extreme north; and Benjamin**, **closely united to Judah by the position of Jerusalem. All these, it would seem, are here included—so that the territor...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. made: Heb. strengthened himself

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Adoram, who was over the tribute **(or levy).—In 2Samuel 20:24, 1Kings 4:6; 1Kings 5:14, we find Adoram (or Adoniram, which is a longer form of the same name) described as holding this office in the later days of David and the reign of Solomon. The Adoram here mentioned must be identical with the officer of Solomon; but, though it is possible, it is not likely that he could have held office...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. rebelled: or, fell away

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us'). <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuance...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Unto this day.**—The phrase argues the incorporation into the narrative of an older document.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Jeroboam was come again.**—The assembly at Shechem probably broke up in disorder, carrying everywhere the news of the rebellion. It would be quite in harmony with Jeroboam’s astuteness, if, after setting the revolution on foot, he himself stood aloof from leadership, and waited till “the congregation,” the duly summoned assembly, sent for him and offered him the crown. The title “king over ...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors , to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon.

View commentary (2 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying,

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying,</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Shemaiah the man of God.**—From the notices in 2Chronicles 12:5-8; 2Chronicles 12:15, it would seem that, while Ahijah belonged to Shiloh in Ephraim, and continued to dwell there, Shemaiah was rather attached to Judah, and hence, that his interference to protect the new kingdom was the more striking and unexpected. In this interposition, to which probably the very preservation of Jeroboam’s...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**21. Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river--**All the petty kingdoms between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean were tributary to him. Similar is the statement in 1Ki 4:24.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying,

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying,</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and for...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-23. Solomon's provision for one day--**not for the king's table only, but for all connected with the court, including, besides the royal establishment, those of his royal consorts, his principal officers, his bodyguards, his foreign visitors, &amp;c. The quantity of fine floor used is estimated at two hundred forty bushels; that of meal or common flour at four hundred eighty. The number of ca...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his house; for this thing is from me. They hearkened therefore to the word of the LORD, and returned to depart, according to the word of the LORD.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his house; for this thing is from me. They hearkened therefore to the word of the LORD, and returned to depart, according to the word of the LORD.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's foc...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**22-23. Solomon's provision for one day--**not for the king's table only, but for all connected with the court, including, besides the royal establishment, those of his royal consorts, his principal officers, his bodyguards, his foreign visitors, &amp;c. The quantity of fine floor used is estimated at two hundred forty bushels; that of meal or common flour at four hundred eighty. The number of ca...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 16-24** The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten ! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, h...
Read full commentary →

Jeroboam's Golden Calves

Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **Jeroboam built Shechem.**—Shechem had passed through many vicissitudes of fortune. It was already a city when Abraham entered the Promised Land (Genesis 12:6), and is from time to time mentioned in the patriarchal history (Genesis 33:18, Genesis 35:4, Genesis 37:12-13). At the Conquest it became a city of refuge (Joshua 20:7; Joshua 21:20-21), and the scene of the solemn recital of the bles...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**24. from Tiphsah--**that is, Thapsacus, a large and flourishing town on the west bank of the Euphrates, the name of which was derived from a celebrated ford near it, the lowest on that river. **even to Azzah--**that is, Gaza, on the southwestern extremity, not far from the Mediterranean.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David:

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David:</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us'). <br><br>The Heb...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**25. every man under his vine and ... fig tree--**This is a common and beautiful metaphor for peace and security (Mi 4:4; Zec 3:10), founded on the practice, still common in modern Syria, of training these fruit trees up the walls and stairs of houses, so as to make a shady arbor, beneath which the people sit and relax.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as ...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27, 28) In these verses is recorded the adoption of the fatal policy which has caused Jeroboam to be handed down in the sacred record as “the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.” Hitherto his new royalty had been inaugurated under a Divine sanction, both as receiving distinct promise of permanence and blessing (1Kings 11:37-38), and as protected by open prophetic interference, at the critical m...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**26. forty thousand stalls--**for the royal mews (see on 2Ch 9:25).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

View commentary (3 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <b...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **Calves of gold.**—The choice of this symbol of the Divine Nature—turning, as the Psalmist says with indignant scorn, “the glory of God into the similitude of a calf that eateth hay” (Psalm 106:20)—was probably due to a combination of causes. First, the very repetition of Aaron’s words (Exodus 32:8) indicates that it was a revival of that ancient idolatry in the wilderness. Probably, like it...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he set the one in Beth-el, and the other put he in Dan.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, c...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Bethel and Dan, **chosen as the frontier towns of the kingdom, had, however, associations of their own, which lent themselves naturally to Jeroboam’s design. Bethel—preserving in its name the memory of Jacob’s vision, and of his consecration of the place as a sanctuary (Genesis 28:19; Genesis 35:14-15)—had been (see Judges 20:18; Judges 20:26; Judges 20:31; Judges 21:2; 1Samuel 7:16) a plac...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**28. Barley ... and straw--**Straw is not used for litter, but barley mixed with chopped straw is the usual fodder of horses. **dromedaries--**one-humped camels, distinguished for their great fleetness. 1Ki 4:29-34. His Wisdom.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. <br><br>The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theolo...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Even unto Dan.**—It has been thought that there is here a corruption of the text, and that words referring to Bethel have fallen out. But there is no sign of such variation in the LXX. (which only adds, in some MSS., “and deserted the house of the Lord”) or other versions. The reason of the mention of Dan only is probably that there the old sanctuary remained, and the priesthood was ready: ...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29. God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart--**that is, high powers of mind, great capacity for receieving, as well as aptitude for communicating knowledge.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanu...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31, 32) **Of the lowest of the people.**—This is universally recognised as a mistranslation, though a natural one, of the original, “the ends of the people.” The sense is “from the whole mass of the people,” without care for Levitical descent—the Levites having (see 2Chronicles 11:13-14) generally returned into the kingdom of Judah on the establishment of this idolatry. It is hardly likely that t...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**30. Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country--**that is, the Arabians, Chaldeans, and Persians (Ge 25:6). **all the wisdom of Egypt--**Egypt was renowned as the seat of learning and sciences, and the existing monuments, which so clearly describe the ancient state of society and the arts, show the high culture of the Egyptian people.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. offered: or, went up to the altar, etc sacrificing: or, to sacrifice

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Beth-el, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Beth-el the priests of the high places which he had made.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam a...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **In the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month . . .**—The “feast that was in Judah,” to which this is said to be like, is clearly the Feast of Tabernacles, on the fifteenth day of the *seventh* month. The fixing of Jeroboam’s festival of dedication for the Temple at Bethel to this special day is characteristic. It at once challenged likeness to the Feast of Tabernacles, which was (...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31. wiser than all men--**that is, all his contemporaries, either at home or abroad. **than Ethan--**or Jeduthun, of the family of Merari (1Ch 6:44). **Heman--**(1Ch 15:17-19)--the chief of the temple musicians and the king's seers (1Ch 25:5); the other two are not known. **the sons of Mahol--**either another name for Zerah (1Ch 2:6); or taking it as a common noun, signifying a dance, a ch...
Read full commentary →

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense. offered: or, went up to the altar, etc and burnt: Heb. to burn incense

View commentary (4 sources)

KJV Study Commentary

<strong>So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Beth-el the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense.</strong><br><br>This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on king...
Read full commentary →

Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) **So he offered upon the altar.**—The repetition of this verse is accounted for by its belonging properly in sense to the next chapter, opening the story of the mission of the “man of God from Judah.” The idea of the verse would be best conveyed by rendering the verbs of this verse in the imperfect tense: “So Jeroboam was offering,” &c. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy...
Read full commentary →

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**32. he spake three thousand proverbs--**embodying his moral sentiments and sage observations on human life and character. **songs ... a thousand and five--**Psalm 72, 127, 132, and the Song of Songs are his.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 25-33** Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus repre...
Read full commentary →

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study