King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 12:20 Mean?

1 Kings 12:20 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congrega... — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

1 Kings 12:20 · KJV


Context

18

Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. made: Heb. strengthened himself

19

So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. rebelled: or, fell away

20

And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

21

And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors , to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon.

22

But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. The kingdom division (c. 930 BCE) created the northern kingdom (Israel, 10 tribes) and southern kingdom (Judah, 2 tribes).

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can leaders today avoid Rehoboam's mistakes and lead with wisdom rather than pride?
  2. What does the kingdom division teach about the long-term consequences of generational sin and compromise?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 26 words
וַיְהִ֞י1 of 26
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ2 of 26

heard

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

כָּל3 of 26
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל4 of 26

And it came to pass when all Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

כִּֽי5 of 26
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

שָׁ֣ב6 of 26

was come again

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

יָֽרָבְעָ֔ם7 of 26

that Jeroboam

H3379

jarobam, the name of two israelite kings

וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ8 of 26

that they sent

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ9 of 26

and called

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

אֹתוֹ֙10 of 26
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֶל11 of 26
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה12 of 26

him unto the congregation

H5712

a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)

וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ13 of 26

and made him king

H4427

to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel

אֹת֖וֹ14 of 26
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עַל15 of 26
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

כָּל16 of 26
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל17 of 26

And it came to pass when all Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

לֹ֤א18 of 26
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הָיָה֙19 of 26
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אַֽחֲרֵ֣י20 of 26

there was none that followed

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

בֵית21 of 26

the house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

דָּוִ֔ד22 of 26

of David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

זֽוּלָתִ֥י23 of 26

but

H2108

probably scattering, i.e., removal; used adverbially, except

שֵֽׁבֶט24 of 26

the tribe

H7626

a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

יְהוּדָ֖ה25 of 26

of Judah

H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

לְבַדּֽוֹ׃26 of 26
H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 12:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 12:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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