King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 12:31 Mean?

1 Kings 12:31 in the King James Version says “And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.

1 Kings 12:31 · KJV


Context

29

And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan.

30

And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.

31

And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.

32

And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made. offered: or, went up to the altar, etc sacrificing: or, to sacrifice

33

So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense. offered: or, went up to the altar, etc and burnt: Heb. to burn incense


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kingdom divided: rehoboam and jeroboam, within the book's focus on kingdom division as judgment for Solomon's idolatry. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. The kingdom division (c. 930 BCE) created the northern kingdom (Israel, 10 tribes) and southern kingdom (Judah, 2 tribes).

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can leaders today avoid Rehoboam's mistakes and lead with wisdom rather than pride?
  2. What does the kingdom division teach about the long-term consequences of generational sin and compromise?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ1 of 13

And he made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֶת2 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בֵּ֣ית3 of 13

an house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

בָּמ֑וֹת4 of 13

of high places

H1116

an elevation

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ5 of 13

And he made

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

כֹּֽהֲנִים֙6 of 13

priests

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

מִקְצ֣וֹת7 of 13

of the lowest

H7098

a termination

הָעָ֔ם8 of 13

of the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

אֲשֶׁ֥ר9 of 13
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא10 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

הָי֖וּ11 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

מִבְּנֵ֥י12 of 13

which were not of the sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

לֵוִֽי׃13 of 13

of Levi

H3878

levi, a son of jacob


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 12:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 12:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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