King James Version

What Does Romans 9:32 Mean?

Romans 9:32 in the King James Version says “Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumbl... — study this verse from Romans chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone ;

Romans 9:32 · KJV


Context

30

What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31

But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32

Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone ;

33

As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. ashamed: or confounded


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law—Paul answers his question: dia ti (διὰ τί, 'for what reason?'). The contrast: ouk ek pisteōs all' hōs ex ergōn (οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλ' ὡς ἐξ ἔργων)—'not from faith but as from works.' The phrase hōs (ὡς, 'as it were/as if') suggests treating the law as though it were a merit-system, which it never was. The law demands perfect obedience (Galatians 3:10) but provides no power to obey. Faith receives Christ's perfect righteousness as a gift.

For they stumbled at that stumblingstoneprosekopsan tō lithō tou proskommatos (προσέκοψαν τῷ λίθῳ τοῦ προσκόμματος). The verb suggests striking one's foot against an obstacle. The 'stone' is Christ (v. 33)—the very one meant to save became the occasion of their downfall. Because they approached by works, not faith, Christ's demand for unconditional surrender offended them. They wanted a Messiah to validate their righteousness, not expose its bankruptcy.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The stumbling-stone imagery comes from Isaiah 8:14, 28:16 (quoted in v. 33). Jesus identified himself as the rejected stone (Matthew 21:42). Peter echoed this (1 Peter 2:6-8). The stone that should be a foundation becomes a stumbling-block to those approaching in unbelief. Israel's tragedy was not ignorance but hardness—they had the oracles but rejected the Word made flesh.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does approaching God 'by works' rather than 'by faith' turn Christ from Savior into stumbling-block?
  2. What is the relationship between works-righteousness and being offended by Christ's gospel?
  3. Why does religious performance produce pride that makes submission to Christ (justification by faith alone) repugnant?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
διατί;1 of 16

Wherefore

G1302

through what cause ?, i.e., why?

ὅτι2 of 16

Because

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

οὐκ3 of 16

they sought it not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἐξ4 of 16

by

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

πίστεως,5 of 16

faith

G4102

persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ

ἀλλ'6 of 16

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

ὡς7 of 16

as

G5613

which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)

ἐξ8 of 16

by

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

ἔργων9 of 16

the works

G2041

toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act

νόμου·10 of 16

of the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

προσέκοψαν11 of 16

they stumbled

G4350

to strike at, i.e., surge against (as water); specially, to stub on, i.e., trip up (literally or figuratively)

γὰρ12 of 16

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

τῷ13 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

λίθῳ14 of 16

at that stumblingstone

G3037

a stone (literally or figuratively)

τοῦ15 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

προσκόμματος,16 of 16
G4348

a stub, i.e., (figuratively) occasion of apostasy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 9:32 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 9:32 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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