King James Version

What Does Romans 9:31 Mean?

Romans 9:31 in the King James Version says “But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness. — study this verse from Romans chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

Romans 9:31 · KJV


Context

29

And as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodoma, and been made like unto Gomorrha.

30

What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith.

31

But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness.

32

Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone ;

33

As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. ashamed: or confounded


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness—the tragedy: Israel pursued nomon dikaiosynēs (νόμον δικαιοσύνης, 'law of righteousness') but didn't reach it. The double use of 'law' emphasizes their goal: to achieve righteousness through law-keeping. But ouk ephthasen (οὐκ ἔφθασεν, 'did not arrive/attain')—they failed despite zealous pursuit (10:2).

The reason: they sought righteousness as achievement rather than gift, by works rather than faith. The law was never meant to save (Galatians 3:21) but to drive sinners to Christ (Galatians 3:24). Israel used it wrongly—seeking to establish their own righteousness (10:3) rather than submitting to God's. This is the essence of religion vs. gospel: earning vs. receiving, works vs. grace, self-righteousness vs. Christ-righteousness. Election operates through the gospel, not the law.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First-century Judaism was largely works-oriented—Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes all sought righteousness through torah-obedience (though with different interpretations). Jesus condemned this (Matthew 23). Paul, the ex-Pharisee (Philippians 3:4-6), testifies that law-pursuit is futile for justification. Only faith-righteousness saves.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can pursuing righteousness (a good thing) become a fatal error if done through works rather than faith?
  2. What is the difference between 'law of righteousness' as God's standard vs. as a method of justification?
  3. Why does religious zeal without faith in Christ result in failure to attain righteousness?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
Ἰσραὴλ1 of 10

Israel

G2474

israel (i.e., jisrael), the adopted name of jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively)

δὲ2 of 10

But

G1161

but, and, etc

διώκων3 of 10

which followed

G1377

compare the base of g1169 and g1249); to pursue (literally or figuratively); by implication, to persecute

νόμον4 of 10

after the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

δικαιοσύνης,5 of 10

of righteousness

G1343

equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification

εἰς6 of 10

to

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

νόμον7 of 10

after the law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

δικαιοσύνης,8 of 10

of righteousness

G1343

equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification

οὐκ9 of 10

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἔφθασεν10 of 10

attained

G5348

to be beforehand, i.e., anticipate or precede; by extension, to have arrived at


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 9:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 9:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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