King James Version

What Does Romans 5:19 Mean?

Romans 5:19 in the King James Version says “For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous. — study this verse from Romans chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.

Romans 5:19 · KJV


Context

17

For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.) by one man's: or, by one offence

18

Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life. by the offence: or, by one offence by the righteousness: or, by one righteousness

19

For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.

20

Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound:

21

That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners—the διὰ τῆς παρακοῆς (dia tēs parakoēs, 'through the disobedience') of Adam, οἱ πολλοί (hoi polloi, 'the many') were καθίστημι (kathistēmi, 'constituted/appointed/made') sinners. This isn't merely that Adam's example led others to sin (Pelagianism) but that his act legally constituted his descendants as sinners before God. The passive voice indicates something done to them, not merely their imitation of Adam.

So by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous—through Christ's ὑπακοή (hypakoē, 'obedience'), πολλοί are constituted δίκαιοι (dikaioi, 'righteous'). This obedience encompasses Christ's entire life of perfect law-keeping (active obedience) and His death as penal substitute (passive obedience). The future καταστάθησονται likely emphasizes eschatological completion while not denying present reality (believers are already justified). Christ's obedience doesn't merely enable justification—it constitutes it, being imputed to believers.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Reformation hinged on understanding this verse's implications. Medieval scholasticism emphasized infused righteousness (grace making believers inherently righteous); Reformers insisted on imputed righteousness (Christ's righteousness credited to believers' account). The parallel to Adam is decisive: we were 'made sinners' not by becoming sinful but by Adam's sin being charged to us; similarly we are 'made righteous' not by inherent transformation but by Christ's righteousness being credited to us. Sanctification follows but doesn't constitute justification.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding Christ's 'obedience' as both His perfect life and atoning death affect your view of what saves you?
  2. What is the difference between being 'made righteous' (declared righteous by imputation) and 'becoming righteous' (moral transformation)?
  3. If Adam's one act of disobedience made you a sinner apart from your choice, how does that illuminate Christ's obedience making you righteous apart from your works?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
ὥσπερ1 of 23

as

G5618

just as, i.e., exactly like

γὰρ2 of 23

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

διὰ3 of 23

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

τῆς4 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

παρακοῆς5 of 23

disobedience

G3876

inattention, i.e., (by implication) disobedience

τοῦ6 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἑνὸς7 of 23

of one

G1520

one

ἀνθρώπου8 of 23

man's

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

ἁμαρτωλοὶ9 of 23

sinners

G268

sinful, i.e., a sinner

κατασταθήσονται10 of 23

be made

G2525

to place down (permanently), i.e., (figuratively) to designate, constitute, convoy

οἱ11 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πολλοί12 of 23

many

G4183

(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely

οὕτως13 of 23

so

G3779

in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

καὶ14 of 23
G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

διὰ15 of 23

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

τῆς16 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὑπακοῆς17 of 23

the obedience

G5218

attentive hearkening, i.e., (by implication) compliance or submission

τοῦ18 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἑνὸς19 of 23

of one

G1520

one

δίκαιοι20 of 23

righteous

G1342

equitable (in character or act); by implication, innocent, holy (absolutely or relatively)

κατασταθήσονται21 of 23

be made

G2525

to place down (permanently), i.e., (figuratively) to designate, constitute, convoy

οἱ22 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πολλοί23 of 23

many

G4183

(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 5:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 5:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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